Industrial Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science (BITS), Pilani, Pilani Campus, Rajasthan, India.
Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Principal Investigator: MEMS, Microfluidics and Nanoelectronics Lab, Birla Institute of Technology and Science (BITS), Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Hyderabad, India.
Int J Biol Macromol. 2021 Feb 15;170:602-621. doi: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.12.177. Epub 2020 Dec 31.
There has been a surge in the use of transdermal drug delivery systems (TDDS) for the past few years. The market of TDDS is expected to reach USD 7.1 billion by 2023, from USD 5.7 billion in 2018, at a CAGR of 4.5%. Microneedles (MNs) are a novel class of TDDS with advantages of reduced pain, low infection risk, ease of application, controlled release of therapeutic agents, and enhanced bioavailability. Biodegradable MNs fabricated from natural polymers have become the center of attention among formulation scientists because of their recognized biodegradability, biocompatibility, ease of fabrication, and sustainable character. In this review, we summarize the various polysaccharides and polypeptide based biomaterials that are used to fabricate biodegradable MNs. Particular emphasis is given to cellulose and its derivatives, starch, and complex carbohydrate polymers such as alginates, chitosan, chondroitin sulfate, xanthan gum, pullulan, and hyaluronic acid. Additionally, novel protein-based polymers such as zein, collagen, gelatin, fish scale and silk fibroin (polyamino acid) biopolymers application in transdermal drug delivery have also been discussed. The current review will provide a unique perspective to the readers on the developments of biodegradable MNs composed of carbohydrates and protein polymers with their clinical applications and patent status.
在过去的几年中，透皮给药系统（TDDS）的使用呈激增趋势。预计到 2023 年，TDDS 的市场规模将从 2018 年的 57 亿美元增长到 71 亿美元，复合年增长率为 4.5%。微针（MNs）是一类新型的 TDDS，具有减少疼痛、降低感染风险、易于应用、控制治疗剂释放和提高生物利用度的优势。由天然聚合物制成的可生物降解 MNs 因其可生物降解性、生物相容性、易于制造和可持续性而成为配方科学家关注的焦点。在这篇综述中，我们总结了用于制造可生物降解 MNs 的各种多糖和多肽基生物材料。特别强调了纤维素及其衍生物、淀粉以及复杂碳水化合物聚合物，如藻酸盐、壳聚糖、硫酸软骨素、黄原胶、普鲁兰和透明质酸。此外，还讨论了新型基于蛋白质的聚合物，如玉米朊、胶原蛋白、明胶、鱼鳞和丝素（聚氨基酸）生物聚合物在透皮药物输送中的应用。本综述将为读者提供一个独特的视角，了解由碳水化合物和蛋白质聚合物组成的可生物降解 MNs 的发展及其临床应用和专利状况。
