Doctorado en Ciencias Biológicas y de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Ciudad de México 04960, Mexico; Unidad de Investigación en Reproducción Humana, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología "Isidro Espinosa de Los Reyes" - Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 11000, Mexico.
Unidad de Investigación en Reproducción Humana, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología "Isidro Espinosa de Los Reyes" - Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 11000, Mexico.
Environ Pollut. 2021 Feb 15;271:116380. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.116380. Epub 2020 Dec 24.
A vast amount of evidence indicates that bisphenol A (BPA) and phthalates are widely distributed in the environment since these compounds are mass-produced for the manufacture of plastics and plasticizers. These compounds belong to a large group of substances termed endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDC). It is well known that humans and living organisms are unavoidably and unintentionally exposed to BPA and phthalates from food packaging materials and many other everyday products. BPA and phthalates exert their effect by interfering with hormone synthesis, bioavailability, and action, thereby altering cellular proliferation and differentiation, tissue development, and the regulation of several physiological processes. In fact, these EDC can alter fetal programming at an epigenetic level, which can be transgenerational transmitted and may be involved in the development of various chronic pathologies later in the adulthood, including metabolic, reproductive and degenerative diseases, and certain types of cancer. In this review, we describe the most recent proposed mechanisms of action of these EDC and offer a compelling selection of experimental, epidemiological and clinical studies, which show evidence of how exposure to these pollutants affects our health during development, and their association with a wide range of reproductive, metabolic and neurological diseases, as well as hormone-related cancers. We stress the importance of concern in the general population and the urgent need for the medical health care system to closely monitor EDC levels in the population due to unavoidable and involuntary exposure to these pollutants and their impact on human health.
大量证据表明，双酚 A（BPA）和邻苯二甲酸酯广泛分布于环境中，因为这些化合物是为制造塑料和增塑剂而大量生产的。这些化合物属于一类被称为内分泌干扰化学物质（EDC）的物质。众所周知，人类和生物不可避免地、无意中会从食品包装材料和许多其他日常产品中接触到 BPA 和邻苯二甲酸酯。BPA 和邻苯二甲酸酯通过干扰激素的合成、生物利用度和作用来发挥作用，从而改变细胞增殖和分化、组织发育以及几个生理过程的调节。事实上，这些 EDC 可以在表观遗传水平上改变胎儿的编程，这种变化可以跨代传递，并可能与成年后各种慢性病理的发展有关，包括代谢、生殖和退行性疾病以及某些类型的癌症。在这篇综述中，我们描述了这些 EDC 的最新提出的作用机制，并提供了一系列引人注目的实验、流行病学和临床研究，这些研究表明接触这些污染物如何在发育过程中影响我们的健康，以及它们与广泛的生殖、代谢和神经系统疾病以及与激素相关的癌症之间的关联。我们强调了在普通人群中引起关注的重要性，以及医疗保健系统迫切需要密切监测人群中这些污染物的水平，因为人们不可避免地、无意中会接触到这些污染物，它们会对人类健康产生影响。
