Department of Health Outcomes and Biomedical Informatics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
J Community Health. 2021 Aug;46(4):808-816. doi: 10.1007/s10900-020-00954-1. Epub 2021 Jan 2.
Serogroup B meningococcal disease (MenB) causes almost 60% of meningitis cases among adolescents and young adults. Yet, MenB vaccine coverage among adolescents remains below 10%. Since parents are the primary medical decision makers for adolescents, we examined MenB vaccination rates and parent attitudes about meningitis and the MenB vaccine. In 2018, in conjunction with a county-wide, school-based immunization campaign, we conducted a mixed methods study among parents of 16- to 17-year-olds. We facilitated focus groups asking parents about their knowledge of meningitis and reactions to educational materials and sent behavioral surveys based on Health Belief Model constructs to parents through the county high school system. Parents in three focus groups (n = 8; participation rate = 13%) expressed confusion about their child's need to receive the MenB vaccine in addition to the meningococcal conjugate vaccine (MenACWY), but conveyed strong trust in their physicians' recommendation. Among survey participants (n = 170), 70 (41%) had heard of the MenB vaccine. Among those 70 parents, the most common barriers to vaccination were concerns about side effects (55%) and uncertainty of susceptibility due to receipt of the MenACWY vaccine (30%). The percentage of teens that received at least one dose of the MenB vaccine was 50% (n = 35) by parent report and 23% (n = 16) by state vaccination records. Parents demonstrated uncertainty and confusion about the MenB vaccine particularly due to the existence of another meningitis vaccine and limited health care provider recommendations. Confirmatory studies of parent confusion about the MenB vaccine are needed to develop interventions.
B 群脑膜炎奈瑟球菌疾病（MenB）导致近 60%的青少年和青年成人患脑膜炎。然而，青少年接种 MenB 疫苗的覆盖率仍低于 10%。由于父母是青少年的主要医疗决策者，我们调查了青少年接种 MenB 疫苗的比率以及父母对脑膜炎和 MenB 疫苗的态度。2018 年，我们结合全县范围内的学校免疫运动，在 16 至 17 岁青少年的父母中开展了一项混合方法研究。我们组织了焦点小组，询问父母对脑膜炎的了解程度以及对教育材料的反应，并通过县高中系统向父母发送了基于健康信念模型结构的行为调查问卷。三个焦点小组的家长（n=8；参与率=13%）表示对孩子除了接种脑膜炎球菌结合疫苗（MenACWY）之外还需要接种 MenB 疫苗感到困惑，但对他们医生的建议表示强烈信任。在调查参与者中（n=170），有 70 人（41%）听说过 MenB 疫苗。在这 70 位家长中，接种疫苗的最常见障碍是担心副作用（55%）和由于接种了 MenACWY 疫苗而对易感性不确定（30%）。根据家长报告，有 50%（n=35）的青少年至少接种了一剂 MenB 疫苗，而根据州疫苗接种记录，这一比例为 23%（n=16）。父母对 MenB 疫苗表示不确定和困惑，主要是因为存在另一种脑膜炎疫苗和有限的医疗保健提供者建议。需要开展确认性研究，以了解父母对 MenB 疫苗的困惑，从而制定干预措施。
