Department of Microbiology, Ram Lal Anand College, University of Delhi, Benito Juarez Road, New Delhi, 110021, India.
Pharmacol Rep. 2021 Jun;73(3):750-768. doi: 10.1007/s43440-020-00204-0. Epub 2021 Jan 3.
The SARS-CoV-2 has affected millions worldwide and has posed an immediate need for effective pharmacological interventions. Ever since the outbreak was declared, the medical fraternity across the world is facing a unique situation of offering assistance and simultaneously generating reliable data with high-quality evidence to extend the scope of finding a treatment. With no proven vaccine or other interventions available hitherto, there is a frenzied urgency of sharing preliminary data from laboratories and trials to shape a global response against the virus. Several clinical trials with investigational and approved repurposed therapeutics have shown promising results. This review aims to compile the information of the reported molecules approved for emergency use and those under clinical trials and still others with good results in the studies conducted so far. Being an RNA virus, SARS-CoV-2 is prone to mutation; thus, the possibility of gaining resistance to available drugs is high. Consequently, a cocktail therapy based on drug interaction with different stages of its replicative cycle is desirable to reduce the chances of evolving drug resistance. Since this virus encodes several proteins, including 16 nonstructural and 4 structural proteins, this review also offers an insight into potential drug targets within SARS-CoV-2.
新型冠状病毒（SARS-CoV-2）已在全球范围内影响了数百万人，因此立即需要有效的药物干预措施。自疫情爆发以来，全球医疗界面临着独特的情况，既要提供援助，又要同时生成高质量证据的可靠数据，以扩大治疗范围。由于迄今尚无经过证实的疫苗或其他干预措施，因此迫切需要分享实验室和试验中的初步数据，以形成全球应对该病毒的措施。几项具有探索性和已批准的重新定位治疗药物的临床试验已显示出有希望的结果。本综述旨在汇集已获准紧急使用的报告分子、临床试验中的分子以及迄今为止在研究中取得良好效果的分子的信息。作为一种 RNA 病毒，SARS-CoV-2 容易发生突变；因此，对现有药物产生耐药性的可能性很高。因此，基于药物与病毒复制周期不同阶段相互作用的鸡尾酒疗法是降低产生耐药性几率的理想方法。由于该病毒编码了包括 16 种非结构蛋白和 4 种结构蛋白在内的多种蛋白，本综述还提供了 SARS-CoV-2 内潜在药物靶点的深入了解。
