Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz,Iran.
Medical Genetics Research Center, Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad,Iran.
Comb Chem High Throughput Screen. 2022;25(2):211-228. doi: 10.2174/1386207323999201230205435.
The precise and exquisite architecture of the retina is directly related to vision. Therefore, any mechanisms associated with disruption of retinal structure could affect the quality of vision. A large number of studies indicated that several cellular and molecular processes are involved in retina pathogenesis. Among different risk factors reported as important players in retina diseases, deregulation of epigenetic contributors has critical roles in the pathogenesis of these diseases. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a type of small non-coding RNAs that are involved in various signaling pathways involved in retina diseases. These molecules exert their function by targeting a sequence of cellular and molecular signals. Long-non coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and circular RNAs are other non-coding RNAs, which can exert their regulatory roles via miRNA sponging. In this regard, it has been showed that miRNA sponging could modulate a variety of pathways in retinal diseases. Besides miRNAs, exosomes are other players in the pathogenesis of retinal diseases. Exosomes are biological vectors that could carry their cargos to recipient cells. The cargos of exosomes (i.e., proteins, lncRNAs, miRNAs, and fragments of DNA) change behaviors of host cells. Here, we summarized the roles of miRNAs, miRNAs sponging and exosomes in the pathogenesis of retinal diseases.
视网膜的精确和精致结构与视觉直接相关。因此，任何与视网膜结构破坏相关的机制都可能影响视力质量。大量研究表明，几种细胞和分子过程参与了视网膜的发病机制。在报道的作为视网膜疾病重要参与者的不同风险因素中，表观遗传贡献者的失调在这些疾病的发病机制中起着关键作用。微小 RNA（miRNA）是一类参与涉及视网膜疾病的各种信号通路的小非编码 RNA。这些分子通过靶向细胞和分子信号的序列发挥其功能。长链非编码 RNA（lncRNA）和环状 RNA 是其他非编码 RNA，它们可以通过 miRNA 海绵作用发挥其调节作用。在这方面，已经表明 miRNA 海绵可以调节视网膜疾病中的多种途径。除了 miRNA 之外，外泌体也是视网膜疾病发病机制中的另一个参与者。外泌体是一种生物载体，可以将其 cargo 运送到靶细胞。外泌体的 cargo（即蛋白质、lncRNA、miRNA 和 DNA 片段）改变宿主细胞的行为。在这里，我们总结了 miRNA、miRNA 海绵和外泌体在视网膜疾病发病机制中的作用。
