Balić Davor, Marucci Gianluca, Agičić Marija, Benić Miroslav, Krovina Zlatko, Miškić Tihana, Aladić Krunoslav, Škrivanko Mario
Croatian Veterinary Institute, Veterinary Department Vinkovci, J. Kozarca 24, 32100 Vinkovci, Croatia.
Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy.
One Health. 2020 Sep 29;11:100172. doi: 10.1016/j.onehlt.2020.100172. eCollection 2020 Dec 20.
Wild animals represent a constant source of spp. infections for domestic animals and humans. To date, four species of have been isolated in wild boar populations in Europe: , , and , in addition to several mixed infection types and one hybrid formation between and . Meanwhile, insufficiently thermally processed wild boar meat has been reported to be a source of trichinellosis in humans in several European countries. In Croatia, there have been no reported or proven cases of trichinellosis caused by wild boar meat consumption. The aim of this study was to obtain data on the prevalence of species present in Croatia and to anticipated the potential risk of infection for humans in specific Croatian regions based on information obtained over an eight-year surveillance period. A veterinary inspection of wild boar carcasses for larvae in Croatia has been mandatory since 1989, and the artificial digestion method was introduced as a compulsory test for wild boar samples in 2008. Based on the official data submitted to the Ministry of Agriculture, Directorate of Veterinary Services, in the period 2010-2017, 303 of 183,184 (0.17%) wild boar meat samples tested positive for spp. Infected wild boar were found in 18 of 21 counties. Of these positive samples, 85 were submitted by the authorised veterinary inspectors to the National Reference Laboratory for further examination. The intensity of infection in muscle samples was 0.04-152.66 (mean: 23,37) larvae per gram, and species were identified as , , and + . Genetic analysis of isolates demonstrated their belonging to the Palaearctic population.
野生动物是家畜和人类感染多种寄生虫的持续来源。迄今为止，在欧洲野猪种群中已分离出四种寄生虫：旋毛虫属（Trichinella）的布氏旋毛虫（Trichinella britovi）、本地毛形线虫（Trichinella nativa）、伪旋毛虫（Trichinella pseudospiralis）和巴布亚旋毛虫（Trichinella papuae），此外还有几种混合感染类型以及布氏旋毛虫和本地毛形线虫之间的一种杂交形式。同时，据报道，在几个欧洲国家，未经充分热处理的野猪肉是人类旋毛虫病的一个来源。在克罗地亚，尚无因食用野猪肉而导致旋毛虫病的报告病例或确诊病例。本研究的目的是获取克罗地亚境内存在的旋毛虫物种流行率数据，并根据八年监测期内获得的信息预测克罗地亚特定地区人类的潜在感染风险。自1989年以来，克罗地亚对野猪尸体进行旋毛虫幼虫的兽医检查一直是强制性的，2008年引入人工消化法作为野猪样本的强制检测方法。根据提交给农业部兽医服务局的官方数据，在2010 - 2017年期间，183,184份野猪肉样本中有303份（0.17%）检测出旋毛虫属呈阳性。在21个县中的18个县发现了感染野猪。在这些阳性样本中，85份由授权兽医检查员提交给国家参考实验室进行进一步检查。肌肉样本中的感染强度为每克0.04 - 152.66条幼虫（平均：23.37条），鉴定出的旋毛虫物种为布氏旋毛虫、本地毛形线虫、伪旋毛虫和巴布亚旋毛虫 + 本地毛形线虫。对旋毛虫分离株的基因分析表明它们属于古北区种群。
