University of California Firearm Violence Research Center and Violence Prevention Research Program, Department of Emergency Medicine, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento.
JAMA Netw Open. 2021 Jan 4;4(1):e2033484. doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.33484.
Violence is a significant public health problem that has become entwined with the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic.
To describe individuals' concerns regarding violence in the context of the pandemic, experiences of pandemic-related unfair treatment, prevalence of and reasons for firearm acquisition, and changes in firearm storage practices due to the pandemic.
DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: This survey study used data from the 2020 California Safety and Well-being Survey, a probability-based internet survey of California adults conducted from July 14 to 27, 2020. Respondents came from the Ipsos KnowledgePanel, an online research panel with members selected using address-based sampling methods. Responses were weighted to be representative of the adult population of California.
Topics included worry about violence for oneself before and during the pandemic; concern about violence for someone else due to a pandemic-related loss; experiences of unfair treatment attributed to the pandemic; firearm and ammunition acquisition due to the pandemic; and changes in firearm storage practices due to the pandemic.
Of 5018 invited panel members, 2870 completed the survey (completion rate, 57%). Among respondents (52.3% [95% CI, 49.5%-55.0%] women; mean [SD] age, 47.9 [16.9] years; 41.9% [95% CI, 39.3%-44.6%] White individuals), self-reported worry about violence for oneself was significantly higher during the pandemic for all violence types except mass shootings, ranging from a 2.8 percentage point increase for robbery (from 65.5% [95% CI, 62.8%-68.0%] to 68.2% [95% CI, 65.6%-70.7%]; P = .008) to a 5.6 percentage point increase for stray bullet shootings (from 44.5% [95% CI, 41.7%-47.3%] to 50.0% [47.3%-52.8%]; P < .001). The percentage of respondents concerned that someone they know might intentionally harm themselves was 13.1% (95% CI, 11.5%-15.3%). Of those, 7.5% (95% CI, 4.5%-12.2%) said it was because the other person had experienced a pandemic-related loss. An estimated 110 000 individuals (2.4% [95% CI, 1.1%-5.0%] of firearm owners in the state) acquired a firearm due to the pandemic, including 47 000 new owners (43.0% [95% CI, 14.8%-76.6%] of those who had acquired a firearm). Of owners who stored at least 1 firearm in the least secure way, 6.7% (95% CI, 2.7%-15.6%) said they had adopted this unsecure storage practice in response to the pandemic.
In this analysis of findings from the 2020 California Safety and Well-being Survey, the COVID-19 pandemic was associated with increases in self-reported worry about violence for oneself and others, increased firearm acquisition, and changes in firearm storage practices. Given the impulsive nature of many types of violence, short-term crisis interventions may be critical for reducing violence-related harm.
暴力是一个严重的公共卫生问题，已经与 2019 年冠状病毒病（COVID-19）大流行交织在一起。
描述个人在大流行背景下对暴力的担忧、与大流行相关的不公平待遇经历、枪支获取的普遍性和原因，以及因大流行而改变枪支储存做法。
设计、地点和参与者：这项调查研究使用了 2020 年加利福尼亚安全与健康调查的数据，这是一项对加利福尼亚成年人进行的基于概率的互联网调查，于 2020 年 7 月 14 日至 27 日进行。受访者来自 Ipsos KnowledgePanel，这是一个在线研究小组，其成员是通过基于地址的抽样方法选择的。回复是加权的，以代表加利福尼亚州的成年人口。
主题包括大流行前和大流行期间对自己的暴力行为的担忧；因大流行相关损失而对他人的暴力行为的担忧；归因于大流行的不公平待遇经历；因大流行而获得枪支和弹药；以及因大流行而改变枪支储存做法。
在 5018 名受邀小组成员中，有 2870 人完成了调查（完成率为 57%）。在受访者中（52.3%[95%置信区间，49.5%-55.0%]为女性；平均[标准差]年龄为 47.9[16.9]岁；41.9%[95%置信区间，39.3%-44.6%]为白人个体），与所有暴力类型相比，自我报告的对自己的暴力行为的担忧在大流行期间明显增加，除了大规模枪击事件外，各种类型的担忧都有所增加，从抢劫的 2.8 个百分点增加（从 65.5%[95%置信区间，62.8%-68.0%]增加到 68.2%[95%置信区间，65.6%-70.7%]；P=0.008）到流弹枪击的 5.6 个百分点增加（从 44.5%[95%置信区间，41.7%-47.3%]增加到 50.0%[47.3%-52.8%]；P<0.001）。有 13.1%（95%置信区间，11.5%-15.3%）的受访者表示担心他们认识的人可能会故意伤害自己。其中，7.5%（95%置信区间，4.5%-12.2%）的人表示，这是因为另一个人经历了与大流行相关的损失。据估计，有 11 万名个人（占该州枪支所有者的 2.4%[95%置信区间，1.1%-5.0%]）因大流行而获得了枪支，其中包括 4.7 万名新枪支所有者（43.0%[95%置信区间，14.8%-76.6%]的枪支所有者获得了枪支）。在至少有 1 支枪支以最不安全方式储存的所有者中，有 6.7%（95%置信区间，2.7%-15.6%）的人表示他们采取了这种不安全的储存做法来应对大流行。
在对 2020 年加利福尼亚安全与健康调查结果的分析中，COVID-19 大流行与自我报告的对自己和他人的暴力行为的担忧增加、枪支获取增加以及枪支储存做法的改变有关。鉴于许多类型的暴力行为具有冲动性，短期危机干预措施可能对减少与暴力有关的伤害至关重要。
