Behairy Amany, Abd El-Rahman Ghada I, Aly Sanaa S H, Fahmy Esraa M, Abd-Elhakim Yasmina M
Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt.
Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt.
Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 2021 Jan 15;208:111620. doi: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111620. Epub 2020 Nov 13.
Di(2-ethylhexyl) adipate (DEHA) is a widely used plasticizer and prevalent environmental contaminant. In this study, DEHA concentrations in the milk, cheese, and butter samples wrapped with food-grade commercial polyethylene films and stored at 4 °C for 30 days were detected using gas chromatographic analysis. Also, the effects of exposure to a high dose of DEHA for a long duration on the liver, brain, and heart of Wistar rats were assessed. Besides, the possible beneficial effect of Peganum harmala oil (PGO), in relieving DEHA induced adverse effects was explored. For this purpose, four groups (8 rats/group) were orally given physiological saline, PGO (320 mg/kg bwt), DEHA (2000 mg/kg bwt), or PGO + DEHA for 60 days. The results revealed that the DEHA concentrations in the tested dairy products were ordered as follows: (butter > cheese > milk). Notably, the detected levels in butter were higher than the specific migration limit in foods. DEHA induced a significant increase in the serum levels of glucose, alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase, acetylcholine esterase, creatine kinase-myocardium bound, malondialdehyde, tumor necrosis factor-α, and interleukin-1β. But, significant hypoproteinemia, hypoalbuminemia, hypoglobulinemia, and hypocholesterolemia were evident following DEHA exposure. A significant reduction in the serum level of superoxide dismutase, reduced glutathione, and brain-derived neurotrophic factor was recorded. Besides, a significant downregulation in hepatic CYP2E1, brain glial fibrillary acidic protein, and cardiac troponin I gene expression was noticed. Moreover, DEHA exposure induced a significant decrease in Bcl-2 immunolabeling, but Caspase-3 immunoexpression was increased. On the contrary, PGO significantly recused DEHA injurious impacts. Therefore, PGO could represent a promising agent for preventing DEHA-induced hepatotoxicity, neurotoxicity, and cardiotoxicity.
己二酸二（2-乙基己基）酯（DEHA）是一种广泛使用的增塑剂和普遍存在的环境污染物。在本研究中，采用气相色谱分析法检测了用食品级商用聚乙烯薄膜包装并在4℃下储存30天的牛奶、奶酪和黄油样品中的DEHA浓度。此外，评估了长期高剂量接触DEHA对Wistar大鼠肝脏、大脑和心脏的影响。此外，还探讨了骆驼蓬油（PGO）在减轻DEHA诱导的不良反应方面可能的有益作用。为此，将四组（每组8只大鼠）分别口服生理盐水、PGO（320mg/kg体重）、DEHA（2000mg/kg体重）或PGO+DEHA，持续60天。结果显示，受试乳制品中DEHA浓度排序如下：（黄油＞奶酪＞牛奶）。值得注意的是，黄油中的检测水平高于食品中的特定迁移限量。DEHA导致血清葡萄糖、丙氨酸转氨酶、天冬氨酸转氨酶、乙酰胆碱酯酶、肌酸激酶-心肌型、丙二醛、肿瘤坏死因子-α和白细胞介素-1β水平显著升高。但是，DEHA暴露后明显出现显著的低蛋白血症、低白蛋白血症、低球蛋白血症和低胆固醇血症。记录到血清超氧化物歧化酶、还原型谷胱甘肽和脑源性神经营养因子水平显著降低。此外，还注意到肝脏CYP2E1、脑胶质纤维酸性蛋白和心肌肌钙蛋白I基因表达显著下调。此外，DEHA暴露导致Bcl-2免疫标记显著降低，但Caspase-3免疫表达增加。相反，PGO显著减轻了DEHA的有害影响。因此，PGO可能是预防DEHA诱导的肝毒性、神经毒性和心脏毒性的有前景的药物。
