Department of Protection and Safety, Atomic Energy Commission of Syria, P.O. Box, 6091, Damascus, Syria.
Department of Protection and Safety, Atomic Energy Commission of Syria, P.O. Box, 6091, Damascus, Syria.
J Environ Radioact. 2021 Mar;228:106525. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2020.106525. Epub 2021 Jan 2.
This study focuses on evaluating the transfer factor (F) of Cs and Sr from two basic soil types in the country, i.e. Aridisol and Inceptisol, to 18 common crops belong to six groups, i.e. cereals, leafy, non-leafy vegetables, tubers, leguminous fodder and leguminous vegetables. In addition, the variation of Fs of Cs and Sr with crop components, growth stages of plants and the influence of mineral fertilisation were investigated. The experiments were performed in an open field and the results were expressed as geometric means. The data revealed that Fs of both radionuclides were higher in Aridisol than Inceptisol for all crops by about 1.03-4.86 fold. Fs of Sr were more enhanced than those of Cs by one or two orders of magnitude despite plant group and soil type, e.g. Fs ranged 0.12-5.2 for Sr and 0.0035-0.26 for Cs in the vegetative portion of the crops. Among the six crop groups investigated, cereals gave the lowest Fs for both radionuclides, which is compatible with the data reported worldwide. The average Fs observed in cereal grains reached 0.001 for Cs and 0.017 for Sr, in Inceptisol. However, Jew-mallow (one of the major leafy vegetables in the country that is consumed throughout the year) reflected the highest Fs for Cs and Sr, i.e. 0.11 and 2.44 in Inceptisol, respectively. Comparing Fs of the radionuclides through the growing stages of the plants indicated enhanced values at the mid-season than harvest as a consequence of the decrease of the physiological activity of the plants towards maturation and dilution made by the increase of plant biomass; e.g. Fs dropped to about 3.0 fold for Cs and 2.2 for Sr, in Aridisol. Mineral fertilisation of soil (for four crops, i.e. sorghum, barley, spinach and alfalfa) reduced Fs for both radionuclides to an extent of 30% probably because of the competing action of their stable nutrient analogues NH, K or Ca or because of growth dilution. The data presented herein would form a baseline when decision of land-investment or phytoremediation is the preferable countermeasure for the management of Cs and Sr-contaminated soil in semi-arid environment.
本研究集中于评估来自国内两种基本土壤类型（即干旱土和始成土）的 Cs 和 Sr 的转移因子（F）向 18 种常见作物的转移，这些作物分为 6 组，即谷物、叶菜类、非叶菜类蔬菜、块茎、豆科饲料和豆科蔬菜。此外，还研究了 Cs 和 Sr 的 Fs 随作物成分、植物生长阶段和矿物质施肥的变化。实验在开阔地进行，结果以几何平均值表示。数据表明，对于所有作物，Cs 和 Sr 的 Fs 在干旱土中均高于始成土，约为 1.03-4.86 倍。尽管植物群和土壤类型不同，Sr 的 Fs 比 Cs 的 Fs 提高了一个或两个数量级，例如，作物营养体部分的 Sr 的 Fs 范围为 0.12-5.2，Cs 的 Fs 范围为 0.0035-0.26。在所研究的六个作物组中，谷物对两种放射性核素的 Fs 最低，这与全球报道的数据一致。在始成土中，谷物籽粒的平均 Fs 分别达到 0.001（Cs）和 0.017（Sr）。然而，黄秋葵（该国主要的叶菜类蔬菜之一，全年食用）对 Cs 和 Sr 的 Fs 最高，分别为 0.11 和 2.44。通过植物生长阶段比较放射性核素的 Fs 表明，由于植物生理活性向成熟阶段的降低以及植物生物量的增加导致的稀释，中期的值高于收获值；例如，在干旱土中，Cs 的 Fs 下降到约 3.0 倍，Sr 的 Fs 下降到 2.2 倍。土壤的矿物质施肥（针对四种作物，即高粱、大麦、菠菜和紫花苜蓿）降低了两种放射性核素的 Fs，降低幅度约为 30%，可能是因为它们的稳定营养类似物 NH、K 或 Ca 的竞争作用，或者是因为生长稀释。本文提供的数据将为半干旱环境中 Cs 和 Sr 污染土壤的土地投资或植物修复决策形成一个基准。
