Lööf Gunilla, Andersson-Papadogiannakis Nina, Karlgren Klas, Silén Charlotte
Department of Learning, Informatics, Management and Ethics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
Department of Paediatric Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
JMIR Perioper Med. 2018 Sep 25;1(2):e10203. doi: 10.2196/10203.
Hospitalization is a significant and stressful experience for children, which may have both short-term and long-term negative consequences. Anaesthesia-Web is a Web-based preparation program that has been well received and is being used worldwide to reduce stressful experiences, increase understanding, and exchange information in pediatric care. A deeper theoretical and educational understanding encompassing children's learning processes on Anaesthesia-Web may optimize and support the development and design of similar websites for children in pediatric care.
The objective of this study was to elucidate key educational principles in the development and design of websites for children in pediatric care.
A directed qualitative content analysis was applied to analyze the content and design of Anaesthesia-Web from a theoretical and educational perspective. preunderstanding, motivation, learning processes, and learning outcome were used to analyze the learning possibilities of Anaesthesia-Web for children prior to contact with pediatric care.
We found 4 themes characterizing children's learning opportunities on Anaesthesia-Web in the analysis: "In charge of my learning"; "Discover and play"; "Recognize and identify"; and "Getting feedback". The analysis showed that Anaesthesia-Web offers children control and enables the use of the website based on interest and ability. This is important in terms of motivation and each child's individual preunderstanding. Through discovery and play, children can receive, process, and apply the information on Anaesthesia-Web cognitively, emotionally, and by active participation. Play stimulates motivation and is very important in a child's learning process. When facing pediatric care, children need to develop trust and feel safe so that they can focus on learning. On Anaesthesia-Web, children can recognize situations and feelings and can find someone with whom to identify. Several features on the website promote feedback, which is necessary to judge learning achievements, confirm understanding, and embody the need for repetition.
Web-based preparation programs are important learning resources in pediatric care. Content and design needs to change from simply providing information to embracing the importance of a child's need to process information to learn and fully understand. By developing Web-based preparation programs that include educational principles, Web-based technology can be used to its fullest advantage as a learning resource for children. The 4 educational themes described in this study should help future similar website developments within pediatric care.
住院对儿童来说是一段重要且充满压力的经历，可能会产生短期和长期的负面影响。Anaesthesia-Web是一个基于网络的准备程序，广受欢迎，正在全球范围内用于减少压力体验、增进理解以及在儿科护理中交流信息。对Anaesthesia-Web上儿童学习过程的更深入理论和教育理解，可能会优化并支持为儿科护理中的儿童开发和设计类似网站。
本研究的目的是阐明为儿科护理中的儿童开发和设计网站的关键教育原则。
应用定向定性内容分析法，从理论和教育角度分析Anaesthesia-Web的内容和设计。预先理解、动机、学习过程和学习成果被用于分析Anaesthesia-Web在儿童接触儿科护理之前为其提供的学习可能性。
在分析中，我们发现了4个表征Anaesthesia-Web上儿童学习机会的主题：“掌控我的学习”；“发现与玩耍”；“识别与确认”；以及“获得反馈”。分析表明，Anaesthesia-Web为儿童提供了控制权，并能让他们根据兴趣和能力使用该网站。这在动机和每个孩子的个体预先理解方面都很重要。通过发现与玩耍，儿童可以在认知、情感和积极参与方面接收、处理并应用Anaesthesia-Web上的信息。玩耍能激发动机，在儿童的学习过程中非常重要。面对儿科护理时，儿童需要建立信任并感到安全，以便他们能够专注于学习。在Anaesthesia-Web上，儿童可以识别情况和感受，并能找到与之产生共鸣的人。网站上的几个功能促进了反馈，这对于判断学习成果、确认理解以及体现重复的必要性是必要的。
基于网络的准备程序是儿科护理中的重要学习资源。内容和设计需要从简单提供信息转变为认识到儿童处理信息以学习和充分理解的需求的重要性。通过开发包含教育原则的基于网络的准备程序，网络技术可以作为儿童的学习资源发挥最大优势。本研究中描述的4个教育主题应有助于未来儿科护理领域类似网站的开发。
