Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.
Department of Neurosurgery, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.
Skeletal Radiol. 2021 Jul;50(7):1419-1425. doi: 10.1007/s00256-020-03695-3. Epub 2021 Jan 6.
To characterize the extent of retention and biodistribution of gadolinium (Gd) following intra-articular (IA) injection of linear and macrocyclic gadolinium-based contrast agents (GBCAs) into the knee joint of a rat model.
Fifteen Wistar rats were divided into five groups and underwent fluoroscopically-guided injections of both knee joints of (1) clinical 1:200 dilution (low dose, LD) gadodiamide (linear GBCA), (2) LD gadobutrol (macrocyclic GBCA), (3) undiluted (high dose, HD) gadodiamide, (4) HD gadobutrol, and (5) saline. Gd concentrations were quantified by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry in (1) blood and urine samples obtained over a 72 h period and (2) knee joint tissues, brain, kidney, and bone marrow at 3 days post-injection.
Both HD and LD gadodiamide and gadobutrol were rapidly absorbed from the joint with peak serum and urine concentration at 1 h post-injection, with relatively faster clearance of gadobutrol. All GBCA-exposed groups had detectable levels of Gd in the joint tissues, bone marrow, and/or kidneys (median tissue gadolinium range: 0.1-71 μg Gd/g tissue), with higher amounts observed with gadodiamide versus gadobutrol. Retention within brain tissues was only detected following HD gadodiamide administration but not LD gadodiamide nor HD or LD gadobutrol.
There was rapid systemic absorption, redistribution, and widespread multi-organ retention of Gd following IA injection of both linear and macrocyclic GBCAs, despite substantial amounts of urinary excretion. Higher concentrations of Gd were observed with administration of gadodiamide compared to gadobutrol in most tissues and biofluids.
描述关节内（IA）注射线性和大环类钆基对比剂（GBCA）后，大鼠膝关节内 Gd 的保留和分布情况。
15 只 Wistar 大鼠分为 5 组，通过 X 光引导分别对双侧膝关节进行以下注射：（1）临床 1:200 稀释（低剂量，LD）的钆喷酸葡胺（线性 GBCA），（2）LD 钆布醇（大环类 GBCA），（3）未稀释（高剂量，HD）的钆喷酸葡胺，（4）HD 钆布醇，和（5）生理盐水。通过电感耦合等离子体质谱法在 72 小时内（1）检测血液和尿液样本，（2）在注射后 3 天检测膝关节组织、脑、肾和骨髓中 Gd 浓度。
HD 和 LD 钆喷酸葡胺和钆布醇均从关节中快速吸收，注射后 1 小时达到血清和尿液峰值浓度，其中钆布醇清除速度较快。所有 GBCA 暴露组的关节组织、骨髓和/或肾脏中均检测到 Gd （组织中 Gd 中位数范围：0.1-71μg Gd/g 组织），与钆布醇相比，钆喷酸葡胺的含量更高。仅在给予 HD 钆喷酸葡胺后，才在脑组织中检测到 Gd 保留，但 LD 钆喷酸葡胺和 HD 或 LD 钆布醇均未检测到。
尽管有大量的尿液排泄，但 IA 注射线性和大环类 GBCA 后，Gd 迅速在全身吸收、重新分布，并广泛存在于多个器官中。与钆布醇相比，给予钆喷酸葡胺时，大多数组织和生物液中的 Gd 浓度更高。
