Urzúa Alfonso, Henríquez Diego, Caqueo-Urízar Alejandra, Smith-Castro Vanessa
Escuela de Psicología, Universidad Católica del Norte, Avda. Angamos, 0610, Antofagasta, Chile.
Instituto de Alta investigación, Universidad de Tarapacá, Arica, Chile.
Psicol Reflex Crit. 2021 Jan 6;34(1):3. doi: 10.1186/s41155-020-00168-3.
Acculturation stress is associated with poorer physical and mental health and a lower level of psychological well-being. The causes of acculturation stress are diverse, but most are similar in the migrant population. Despite the importance of evaluating this variable, few studies have reported culturally adapted and validated instruments for specific populations. Based on this, the aim of this study was to evaluate the psychometric properties of a short scale for the evaluation of acculturation stress (EBEA).
Two studies were conducted, involving 1725 first-generation Colombian and Peruvian migrants living in Chile, between the ages of 18 and 60 years. In addition to the EBEA and as evidence of validity, the Beck Anxiety Scale and the WHOQOL-BREF psychological health domain were applied. A confirmatory factor analysis was carried out, and the reliability and nomological validity were evaluated.
The results in both studies indicated that the scale presents a factorial structure of three dimensions: (a) the stress derived from the preparation and departure from the country of origin, (b) the stress produced by socioeconomic concerns in the host country, and (c) the tensions typical of adaptation to sociocultural changes or Chilean society. The reliability coefficients and the analysis of their nomological validity were very good.
The EBEA is a measure that offers quick, useful screening for researchers who need a short measure for research among migrants. This tool contributes to the work of education, prevention, and intervention in the field of general health and migrants' mental health.
文化适应压力与较差的身心健康以及较低的心理健康水平相关。文化适应压力的成因多种多样，但在移民群体中大多相似。尽管评估这一变量很重要，但很少有研究报告针对特定人群的经过文化调适和验证的工具。基于此，本研究的目的是评估一种用于评估文化适应压力的简短量表（EBEA）的心理测量特性。
进行了两项研究，涉及1725名年龄在18至60岁之间、居住在智利的第一代哥伦比亚和秘鲁移民。除了EBEA之外，作为效度证据，还应用了贝克焦虑量表和世界卫生组织生活质量简表心理健康领域。进行了验证性因素分析，并评估了信度和效标效度。
两项研究的结果均表明，该量表呈现出一个三维的因子结构：（a）源自准备离开原籍国所产生的压力，（b）东道国社会经济问题所产生的压力，以及（c）适应社会文化变化或智利社会所特有的紧张情绪。信度系数及其效标效度分析结果非常好。
EBEA是一种测量工具，可为需要一种简短测量工具来对移民进行研究的研究人员提供快速、有用的筛查。该工具有助于一般健康和移民心理健康领域的教育、预防及干预工作。
