Faculty of Sciences, Laboratory of Biotechnology and Valorization of Natural Resources, Agadir, Morocco.
Control and Systems Engineering Department, University of Technology, Baghdad, Alsinaah Street, P.O. Box: 19006, Baghdad, 10066, Iraq.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2021 Dec;28(45):64156-64165. doi: 10.1007/s11356-020-11936-0. Epub 2021 Jan 6.
The coastal and subcoastal areas of west-central Morocco (Safi to Draa River, the Souss Valley, and the southern part of the western High Atlas and northern and southern slopes of the western Anti-Atlas) are characterized by typical Infra-Mediterranean vegetation ranking them amongst the important of the remarkable borderlands of North Africa. The flora is determined by complex historical and environmental factors occurring since the Tertiary period. The originality of this sector is due to the presence of the argan tree (Argania spinosa (L.) Skeels), Moroccan gum (Acacia gummifera Willd), olive trees (Olea europaea L. subsp. maroccana (Greuter & Burdet) P. Vargas & al.), a thermophilic flora adapted to an arid climate with several endemic species. This flora constitutes the final barrier against the desert and is of environmental and socioeconomical interest. Leaves and fruits provide forage material, while wood is used for fuel. Argan fruits are collected for their oily constitutes and for nutritional, cosmetic, and medicinal properties. Additionally, many species of Argan ecosystems are used in medicine and cosmetics. Recognizing its ecological value and local economic importance, the Argan region was declared a UNESCO Biosphere Reserve in 1998. Despite their biogeographical, historical, and socioeconomic value, vegetation structures in west-central Morocco are vulnerable and threatened by human activities. They exhibit high levels of degradation due to increasing clearance, overgrazing, and overexploitation. The area requires high conservation priority and sustainable management strategies for key species and genetic diversity.
摩洛哥中西部的沿海和近岸地区（从萨菲到德拉河、苏斯河谷以及西部阿特拉斯山脉南部和西部阿特拉斯山脉北部和南部山坡）的特点是典型的地中海内陆植被，使其成为北非重要的显著边界地区之一。该植物区系是由自第三纪以来发生的复杂历史和环境因素决定的。该地区的独特之处在于其拥有阿甘树（Argania spinosa (L.) Skeels）、摩洛哥乳香树（Acacia gummifera Willd）、油橄榄树（Olea europaea L. subsp. maroccana (Greuter & Burdet) P. Vargas & al.）等，这些植物适应了干旱气候的高温生物区系，其中有几个特有种。这种植物区系构成了抵御沙漠的最后一道屏障，具有环境和社会经济意义。其叶子和果实是饲料来源，而木材则用于燃料。阿甘油是从阿甘果的果肉中榨取的，具有营养、美容和药用价值。此外，许多阿甘油生态系统中的物种也被用于医学和化妆品。鉴于其生态价值和当地经济的重要性，阿甘油产区于 1998 年被联合国教科文组织宣布为生物圈保护区。尽管摩洛哥中西部的植被结构具有生物地理、历史和社会经济价值，但它们容易受到人类活动的影响，并且受到威胁。由于不断开垦、过度放牧和过度开采，这些植被结构退化严重。该地区需要高度的保护优先事项和可持续的管理策略，以保护关键物种和遗传多样性。
