Elgadi Sara, Ouhammou Ahmed, Taous Fouad, Zine Hamza, Papazoglou Eleni G, Elghali Tibari, Amenzou Noureddine, El Allali Hassan, Aitlhaj Abderrahmane, El Antari Abderraouf
Laboratory of Microbial Biotechnology, Agrosciences and Environment, Faculty of Sciences-Semlalia, Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakech 40000, Morocco.
Centre National De L'Energie, des Sciences et Techniques Nucleaires, Rabat 10001, Morocco.
Foods. 2021 Jun 3;10(6):1274. doi: 10.3390/foods10061274.
Quality control and traceability of Argan oil requires precise chemical characterization considering different provenances. The fatty acid profile is an essential parameter that certifies the quality and purity of Argan oil. In addition, stable isotopes were recently shown to be accurate as an indicator for geographical origin. In this study, fatty acid composition by gas chromatography (GC) and stable isotope ratio by isotope ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS) were investigated for classifying Argan oil according to its geographical origin. Forty-one Argan oil samples, belonging to six geographical origins of Moroccan natural Argan population (Safi, Essaouira, Agadir Ida Outanane, Taroudant, Tiznit and Sidi Ifni) were collected and extracted under the same conditions. The results show that the isotope δC, palmitic acid (C16:0), linoleic acid (C18:2) and unsaturated fatty acids (UFA) were strongly influenced by ecological parameters. Linear discriminant analysis (LDA) was performed to discriminate the six studied provenances. Discriminant models predicted the origin of Argan oil with 92.70% success. Samples from Safi, Essaouira and Agadir Ida Outanane presented the highest classification rate (100%). In contrast, the lowest rate was reported for samples from Tiznit (85.70%). The findings obtained for fatty acids and isotope combination might be considered as an accurate tool for determining the geographical origins of Argan oil. Moreover, they can potentially be used as specific markers for oils labeled with Protected Geographical Indication (PGI).
考虑到不同的产地，阿甘油的质量控制和可追溯性需要精确的化学表征。脂肪酸谱是证明阿甘油质量和纯度的一个重要参数。此外，最近研究表明稳定同位素可作为产地的准确指标。在本研究中，通过气相色谱法（GC）分析脂肪酸组成，并通过同位素比率质谱法（IRMS）分析稳定同位素比率，以根据地理来源对阿甘油进行分类。收集了属于摩洛哥天然阿甘油群体六个地理来源（萨菲、索维拉、阿加迪尔·伊达乌坦纳、塔鲁丹特、提兹尼特和西迪伊夫尼）的41个阿甘油样品，并在相同条件下进行提取。结果表明，同位素δC、棕榈酸（C16:0）、亚油酸（C18:2）和不饱和脂肪酸（UFA）受生态参数的强烈影响。进行线性判别分析（LDA）以区分六个研究产地。判别模型成功预测阿甘油产地的准确率为92.70%。来自萨菲、索维拉和阿加迪尔·伊达乌坦纳的样品分类率最高（100%）。相比之下，提兹尼特的样品分类率最低（85.70%）。脂肪酸和同位素组合所得结果可被视为确定阿甘油地理来源的准确工具。此外，它们有可能用作受保护地理标志（PGI）标签油的特定标记。
