Acquavia Maria Assunta, Pascale Raffaella, Martelli Giuseppe, Bondoni Marcella, Bianco Giuliana
Dipartimento di Scienze, Università degli Studi della Basilicata, Via dell'Ateneo Lucano, 10-85100 Potenza, Italy.
ALMAGISI s.r.l Corso Italia, 27-39100 Bolzano, Italy.
Polymers (Basel). 2021 Jan 4;13(1):158. doi: 10.3390/polym13010158.
Conventional petroleum-derived plastics represent a serious problem for global pollution because, when discarded in the environment, are believed to remain for hundreds of years. In order to reduce dependence on fossil resources, bioplastic materials are being proposed as safer alternatives. Bioplastics are bio-based and/or biodegradable materials, typically derived from renewable sources. Food waste as feedstock represents one of the recent applications in the research field of bioplastics production. To date, several food wastes have been used as raw materials for the production of bioplastics, including mostly fruit and vegetable wastes. The conversion of fruit and vegetable wastes into biomaterials could occur through simple or more complex processes. In some cases, biopolymers extracted from raw biomass are directly manufactured; on the other hand, the extracted biopolymers could be reinforced or used as reinforcing agents and/or natural fillers in order to obtain biocomposites. The present review covers available results on the application of methods used in the last 10 years for the design of biomaterials obtained from formulations made up with both fruits and vegetables by-products. Particular attention will be addressed to the waste pre-treatment, to the bioplastic formulation and to its processing, as well as to the mechanical and physical properties of the obtained materials.
传统的石油衍生塑料对全球污染来说是个严重问题，因为当被丢弃在环境中时，据信会留存数百年。为了减少对化石资源的依赖，生物塑料材料被提议作为更安全的替代品。生物塑料是生物基和/或可生物降解的材料，通常源自可再生资源。将食物垃圾作为原料是生物塑料生产研究领域的最新应用之一。迄今为止，几种食物垃圾已被用作生产生物塑料的原料，其中大多是水果和蔬菜废弃物。水果和蔬菜废弃物转化为生物材料可以通过简单或更复杂的过程实现。在某些情况下，从原始生物质中提取的生物聚合物直接被制造出来；另一方面，提取出的生物聚合物可以被增强或用作增强剂和/或天然填料，以获得生物复合材料。本综述涵盖了过去10年中用于设计由水果和蔬菜副产品制成的配方所获得的生物材料的方法的应用结果。将特别关注废物预处理、生物塑料配方及其加工，以及所得材料的机械和物理性能。
