Dental Sciences, Health Care Department, Autonomous Metropolitan University Xochimilco (UAM), Mexico City 04960, Mexico.
Health Care Department, Autonomous Metropolitan University Xochimilco (UAM), Mexico City 04960, Mexico.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021 Jan 4;18(1):317. doi: 10.3390/ijerph18010317.
Fluorides are compounds that can be found in the minerals of soil with volcanic rocks. Different populations are exposed to high levels of fluorides through drinking water that, due to their chronic intake, cause several types of damage to health. Nails and hair, denominated as recent biomarkers, have been employed for monitoring systemic fluoride from long-term exposure to fluorides. The aim of this study was to perform a systematic review of the use of recent biomarkers for monitoring systemic fluoride levels in exposed populations and verify their validity in the measurement of the fluorine (F) concentration within the body. A digital search was performed in the databases PubMed/Medline, Springer Link, Cochrane, and Scopus of original articles that employed recent biomarkers for monitoring systemic F. Seventeen articles were included in this analysis; the recorded variables were the F amount in each assessed biomarker, source of exposure, and total daily fluoride intake (TDFI). TDFI was associated with F in nails and hair, as well as the exposure through drinking water. In conclusion, recent biomarkers are adequate for monitoring the systemic fluoride levels by evaluating the chronic/subchronic exposure through different sources, mainly drinking water, considering nails better than hair for this purpose.
氟化物是存在于含有火山岩的土壤矿物质中的化合物。不同人群通过饮用水暴露于高水平的氟化物中，由于长期摄入，这些氟化物会对健康造成多种损害。指甲和头发被称为近期生物标志物，已被用于监测长期暴露于氟化物后体内的系统性氟化物水平。本研究旨在对使用近期生物标志物监测暴露人群体内系统性氟化物水平的情况进行系统评价，并验证其在测量体内氟（F）浓度方面的有效性。在 PubMed/Medline、Springer Link、Cochrane 和 Scopus 数据库中进行了原始文章的数字检索，这些文章使用近期生物标志物来监测系统性 F。共纳入 17 篇文章；记录的变量包括每个评估生物标志物中的 F 量、暴露源和总日氟化物摄入量（TDFI）。TDFI 与指甲和头发中的 F 以及通过饮用水的暴露有关。总之，近期生物标志物通过评估通过不同来源（主要是饮用水）的慢性/亚慢性暴露，在监测系统性氟化物水平方面是合适的，考虑到指甲比头发更适合于这一目的。
