Yitayih Yimenu, Lemu Yohannes Kebede, Mekonen Seblework, Mecha Mohammed, Ambelu Argaw
Institute of Health, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia.
Institute of Health, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
BMJ Open. 2021 Jan 6;11(1):e043185. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-043185.
COVID-19 has posed several medical, psychosocial and economic impacts among the majority of the society. The ambiguity of its transmission, the intense desire of self-protection, family, and friends, the unknown impact of catching the disease itself, unstoppable spread, the panic and outright misinformation lead to acute stress reaction syndrome. However, reliable data related to this contagion lack the prevalence of acute stress reaction syndrome and associated factors among Jimma University Medical Centre hospital visitors in Southwestern Ethiopia.
The main objective of the study was to assess the prevalence and factors associated with acute stress reaction syndrome during the COVID-19 outbreak among Jimma University Medical Centre Hospital visitors, Ethiopia.
An interviewer-administered cross-sectional study was conducted among 247 visitors of the Jimma University Medical Centre in Ethiopia. The study was conducted within 2 weeks of the first COVID-19 cases detected on 13 March 2020 in Ethiopia. Data on demographic and socioeconomic status were collected during the interview using structured questionnaires. The psychological impact was assessed using the Impact of Event Scale-Revised, and symptoms of insomnia were measured using the Insomnia Severity Index. Social support was evaluated using Oslo three-item Social Support Scale. Logistic regression was employed to determine the associations between dependent and independent variables. Besides, psychosocial stress score was generated using principal component analysis. A paired permutation test was also performed to determine the variability of psychosocial stress between groups.
The mean age of participants was 30.47 years, and 76.5% of the participants were male. Acute stress reaction syndrome was detected in 44.1% of hospital visitors. Of the participants, 38.5%, 17.4%, 8.5% and 35.6% had a minimal, mild, moderate and severe psychological impact, respectively. Factors positively associated with acute stress reaction syndrome were individuals who perceived that COVID-19 leads to stigma (adjusted OR (AOR): 3.24, 95% CI 1.11 to 9.45), mild insomnia (AOR: 14.74, 95% CI 6.14 to 35.40), moderate to severe insomnia (AOR: 35.1, 95% CI 10.76 to 114.66), low social support (AOR: 4.08, 95% CI 1.31 to 12.67) and governmental employees (AOR: 8.09, 95% CI 1.38 to 47.18).
The study revealed the existence of a high prevalence of acute stress reaction syndrome during the COVID-19 outbreak among different groups of the community. Therefore, our results will contribute to the global awareness of the psychological impact of the COVID-19 outbreak.
新冠疫情对社会大多数人造成了多方面的影响，包括医学、心理社会和经济等领域。其传播的不确定性、自我保护以及对家人和朋友的强烈愿望、感染疾病本身的未知影响、无法阻挡的传播态势、恐慌和不实信息导致了急性应激反应综合征。然而，在埃塞俄比亚西南部的吉姆马大学医学中心就诊者中，关于这种传染病的可靠数据缺乏急性应激反应综合征的患病率及相关因素。
本研究的主要目的是评估埃塞俄比亚吉姆马大学医学中心就诊者在新冠疫情期间急性应激反应综合征的患病率及相关因素。
在埃塞俄比亚吉姆马大学医学中心的247名就诊者中开展了一项由访谈员实施的横断面研究。该研究在2020年3月13日埃塞俄比亚首次检测到新冠病例后的2周内进行。在访谈期间，使用结构化问卷收集人口统计学和社会经济状况数据。使用事件影响量表修订版评估心理影响，使用失眠严重程度指数测量失眠症状。使用奥斯陆三项社会支持量表评估社会支持。采用逻辑回归确定自变量和因变量之间的关联。此外，使用主成分分析生成心理社会应激评分。还进行了配对置换检验以确定组间心理社会应激的变异性。
参与者的平均年龄为30.47岁，76.5%的参与者为男性。44.1%的就诊者被检测出患有急性应激反应综合征。在参与者中，分别有38.5%、17.4%、8.5%和35.6%的人有最小、轻度、中度和重度心理影响。与急性应激反应综合征呈正相关的因素包括：认为新冠会导致污名化的个体（调整后的比值比（AOR）：3.24，95%置信区间1.
11至9.45）、轻度失眠（AOR：14.74，95%置信区间6.14至35.40）、中度至重度失眠（AOR：35.1，95%置信区间10.76至114.66）、低社会支持（AOR：4.08，95%置信区间1.31至12.67）以及政府雇员（AOR：8.09，95%置信区间1.38至47.18）。
该研究揭示了在新冠疫情期间社区不同群体中急性应激反应综合征的高患病率。因此，我们的研究结果将有助于全球对新冠疫情心理影响的认识。
