Department of Psychiatry, Wollo University, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dessie, Ethiopia.
PLoS One. 2020 Dec 30;15(12):e0244530. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0244530. eCollection 2020.
People with disabilities face multiple barriers that prevent them from accessing care and essential information related to the COVID-19 pandemic that poses additional stress and psychopathology. Therefore, the investigation of psychopathologies during the COVID-19 outbreak and emergency response is critical.
A cross-sectional survey was implemented from July 15/2020 to July 30/2020. The PHQ-9, GAD-7 scale, insomnia severity index-7, and brief resilient coping scale were administered to participants. The collected data was then entered into Epi-data version 3.1 and exported to SPSS-20 for analysis. Descriptive statistical procedures were employed to describe the various psychopathologies. A binary logistic regression method was used to identify the related factors for the psychopathologies. Furthermore, an odds ratio with its 95%CI was driven to show association strength, and a P-value <0.05 was declared as statistically significant.
A significant proportion of individuals living with disability had psychopathologies; 46.2% for depression symptoms, 48.1% for generalized anxiety disorder symptoms, and 71% for insomnia symptoms. Nearly 45.7% of participants were low resilient copers to their psychopathology. Depression was significantly higher in divorced/widowed/separated (AOR = 3.4, 95% CI: 1.28-8.92, P-value = 0.006), non-educated (AOR = 2.12, 95% CI: 1.12, 5.90, P-value = 0.001), and unemployed (AOR = 2.1, 95% CI: 1.32, 5.11, P-value = 0.005) as well as a daily laborer (AOR = 2.4, 95% CI: 1.20, 4.89, P-value = 0.014) subjects. Generalized anxiety disorder was also significantly higher in young age (<40 years) (AOR = 1.7, 95% CI: 1.32, 2.98, P-value = 0.02), single (AOR = 2.3, 95% CI: 1.24, 5.3, P-value = 0.011), widowed/divorced/separated (AOR = 1.5, 95% CI: 1.12, 2.78, P-value = 0.032), preparatory school completed (AOR = 3.00, 95% CI: 1.59, 5.46, P-value = 0.001), daily laborer (AOR = 2.7, 95% CI: 1.21, 5.23, P-value = 0.003), and unemployed (AOR = 2.5, 95% CI: 1.17, 4.78, P-value = 0.005) participants. Moreover, insomnia was significantly higher in single (AOR = 1.5, 95% CI: 1.12, 3.09, P-value = 0.027), divorced/widowed/separated(AOR = 6.2, 95% CI: 1.08, 11.29, P-value = 0.032), unemployed (AOR = 3.00, 95% CI: 1.22, 7.03, P-value = 0.001), blind (AOR = 2.8, 95% CI: 1.42, 6.35, P-value = 0.001), and deaf (AOR = 10.2, 95% CI: 4.52, 35.33, P-value = 0.002) participants.
Depression, anxiety, and insomnia were highly prevalent among individuals with a disability during the COVID-19 period. Multiple sociodemographic and disability-related factors were associated with this high psychopathology. Attention has to be given by the government and other stakeholders to intervene in psychopathology and its associated factors.
残疾人面临多种障碍，使他们无法获得与 COVID-19 大流行相关的护理和基本信息，这给他们带来了额外的压力和精神病理学问题。因此，调查 COVID-19 爆发和应急期间的精神病理学问题至关重要。
本研究采用横断面调查，于 2020 年 7 月 15 日至 7 月 30 日实施。使用 PHQ-9、GAD-7 量表、失眠严重程度指数-7 和简要应对韧性量表对参与者进行评估。收集的数据随后输入 Epi-data 版本 3.1 并导出到 SPSS-20 进行分析。采用描述性统计程序描述各种精神病理学问题。采用二元逻辑回归方法确定精神病理学相关因素。此外，还计算了比值比及其 95%CI 以显示关联强度，P 值<0.05 表示具有统计学意义。
相当比例的残疾个体存在精神病理学问题；抑郁症状的发生率为 46.2%，广泛性焦虑障碍症状的发生率为 48.1%，失眠症状的发生率为 71%。近 45.7%的参与者对其精神病理学问题的应对能力较低。离婚/丧偶/分居（优势比 [OR] = 3.4，95%置信区间 [CI]：1.28-8.92，P 值 = 0.006）、未受教育（OR = 2.12，95%CI：1.12，5.90，P 值 = 0.001）和失业（OR = 2.1，95%CI：1.32，5.11，P 值 = 0.005）以及体力劳动者（OR = 2.4，95%CI：1.20，4.89，P 值 = 0.014）的个体中抑郁程度显著升高。年轻（<40 岁）（OR = 1.7，95%CI：1.32，2.98，P 值 = 0.02）、单身（OR = 2.3，95%CI：1.24，5.3，P 值 = 0.011）、离婚/丧偶/分居（OR = 1.5，95%CI：1.12，2.78，P 值 = 0.032）、完成预科学校（OR = 3.00，95%CI：1.59，5.46，P 值 = 0.001）、体力劳动者（OR = 2.7，95%CI：1.21，5.23，P 值 = 0.003）和失业（OR = 2.5，95%CI：1.17，4.78，P 值 = 0.005）的个体中广泛性焦虑障碍显著升高。此外，单身（OR = 1.5，95%CI：1.12，3.09，P 值 = 0.027）、离婚/丧偶/分居（OR = 6.2，95%CI：1.08，11.29，P 值 = 0.032）、失业（OR = 3.00，95%CI：1.22，7.03，P 值 = 0.001）、盲（OR = 2.8，95%CI：1.42，6.35，P 值 = 0.001）和聋（OR = 10.2，95%CI：4.52，35.33，P 值 = 0.002）的个体中失眠显著升高。
COVID-19 期间，残疾个体中抑郁、焦虑和失眠的发生率较高。多种社会人口学和残疾相关因素与这种高精神病理学问题相关。政府和其他利益相关者应关注这一问题，并采取干预措施应对精神病理学问题及其相关因素。
