Tola Habteyes Hailu, Gamtesa Dinka Fikadu
TB/HIV Research Directorate, Ethiopian Public Health Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
Pediatric Health Med Ther. 2020 Dec 31;11:513-523. doi: 10.2147/PHMT.S286652. eCollection 2020.
In the previous years, efforts have been made to reduce the inequality gap in newborn and child health interventions in Ethiopia. However, there is still limited evidence on the extent and trends of inequality on newborn and child health interventions. Thus, we aimed to assess newborn and child health interventions, inequality levels, and trends during four demographic and health survey periods based on inequality dimensions: economic status, education level, residency, and child's sex in Ethiopia.
We conducted an inequality analysis on four periods (2000, 2005, 2011, and 2016) of the Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey (EDHS) data. We estimated inequality related to economic and education status using percentage, relative concentration index, and slope index, while mean percentage difference and ratio were used to assess inequality due to residency and child's sex.
The coverage of services was concentrated in the richest quintile, highly educated families, and urban dwellers. Child and newborn health intervention service coverage improvement in the past four survey periods was less than 10.0% for all services, and there is high disparity between sub-national regions. Full immunization-related inequality was highest in Ethiopia compared to four east-central African countries.
Increasing service coverage and improving equitable access to routine immunizations could fill the existing inequality gap while focusing on the underserved group. In addition, strengthening regular monitoring processes is also vital to know those left behind.
在过去几年中，埃塞俄比亚一直在努力缩小新生儿和儿童健康干预措施方面的不平等差距。然而，关于新生儿和儿童健康干预措施不平等的程度和趋势的证据仍然有限。因此，我们旨在根据不平等维度（经济状况、教育水平、居住地和儿童性别）评估埃塞俄比亚在四个人口与健康调查期间的新生儿和儿童健康干预措施、不平等水平及趋势。
我们对埃塞俄比亚人口与健康调查（EDHS）数据的四个时期（2000年、2005年、2011年和2016年）进行了不平等分析。我们使用百分比、相对集中指数和斜率指数估计与经济和教育状况相关的不平等，而平均百分比差异和比率用于评估因居住地和儿童性别导致的不平等。
服务覆盖集中在最富有的五分之一人群、受过高等教育的家庭和城市居民中。在过去四个调查时期，所有服务的儿童和新生儿健康干预服务覆盖率提高均不到10.0%，并且各次国家级以下区域之间存在很大差距。与四个东中非国家相比，埃塞俄比亚与全面免疫相关的不平等程度最高。
增加服务覆盖范围并改善常规免疫的公平可及性，在关注服务不足群体的同时，能够填补现有的不平等差距。此外，加强定期监测流程对于了解被遗漏的人群也至关重要。
