Vishwakarma Kanchan, Kumar Nitin, Shandilya Chitrakshi, Mohapatra Swati, Bhayana Sahil, Varma Ajit
Amity Institute of Microbial Technology, Amity University, Noida, India.
Department of Biotechnology, Periyar Maniammai Institute of Science and Technology, Thanjavur, India.
Front Microbiol. 2020 Dec 21;11:560406. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.560406. eCollection 2020.
The present scenario of agricultural sector is dependent hugely on the use of chemical-based fertilizers and pesticides that impact the nutritional quality, health status, and productivity of the crops. Moreover, continuous release of these chemical inputs causes toxic compounds such as metals to accumulate in the soil and move to the plants with prolonged exposure, which ultimately impact the human health. Hence, it becomes necessary to bring out the alternatives to chemical pesticides/fertilizers for improvement of agricultural outputs. The rhizosphere of plant is an important niche with abundant microorganisms residing in it. They possess the properties of plant growth promotion, disease suppression, removal of toxic compounds, and assimilating nutrients to plants. Utilizing such beneficial microbes for crop productivity presents an efficient way to modulate the crop yield and productivity by maintaining healthy status and quality of the plants through bioformulations. To understand these microbial formulation compositions, it becomes essential to understand the processes going on in the rhizosphere as well as their concrete identification for better utilization of the microbial diversity such as plant growth-promoting bacteria and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. Hence, with this background, the present review article highlights the plant microbiome aboveground and belowground, importance of microbial inoculants in various plant species, and their subsequent interactive mechanisms for sustainable agriculture.
当前农业部门的状况在很大程度上依赖于化学肥料和农药的使用，这些会影响作物的营养品质、健康状况和产量。此外，这些化学投入物的持续释放会导致金属等有毒化合物在土壤中积累，并随着长期接触转移到植物中，最终影响人类健康。因此，有必要找出化学农药/肥料的替代品以提高农业产量。植物根际是一个重要的生态位，其中栖息着大量微生物。它们具有促进植物生长、抑制病害、去除有毒化合物以及为植物同化养分的特性。利用这些有益微生物提高作物产量，是一种通过生物制剂维持植物健康状态和品质来调节作物产量和生产力的有效方法。为了了解这些微生物制剂的组成，有必要了解根际发生的过程以及对它们进行具体鉴定，以便更好地利用微生物多样性，如植物促生细菌和丛枝菌根真菌。因此，在此背景下，本综述文章重点介绍了地上和地下的植物微生物组、微生物接种剂在各种植物物种中的重要性以及它们随后实现可持续农业的相互作用机制。
