Ray Prasun, Lakshmanan Venkatachalam, Labbé Jessy L, Craven Kelly D
Noble Research Institute, LLC, Ardmore, OK, United States.
Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, United States.
Front Microbiol. 2020 Dec 21;11:622926. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.622926. eCollection 2020.
Light, water and healthy soil are three essential natural resources required for agricultural productivity. Industrialization of agriculture has resulted in intensification of cropping practices using enormous amounts of chemical pesticides and fertilizers that damage these natural resources. Therefore, there is a need to embrace agriculture practices that do not depend on greater use of fertilizers and water to meet the growing demand of global food requirements. Plants and soil harbor millions of microorganisms, which collectively form a microbial community known as the microbiome. An effective microbiome can offer benefits to its host, including plant growth promotion, nutrient use efficiency, and control of pests and phytopathogens. Therefore, there is an immediate need to bring functional potential of plant-associated microbiome and its innovation into crop production. In addition to that, new scientific methodologies that can track the nutrient flux through the plant, its resident microbiome and surrounding soil, will offer new opportunities for the design of more efficient microbial consortia design. It is now increasingly acknowledged that the diversity of a microbial inoculum is as important as its plant growth promoting ability. Not surprisingly, outcomes from such plant and soil microbiome studies have resulted in a paradigm shift away from single, specific soil microbes to a more holistic microbiome approach for enhancing crop productivity and the restoration of soil health. Herein, we have reviewed this paradigm shift and discussed various aspects of benign microbiome-based approaches for sustainable agriculture.
光、水和健康的土壤是农业生产力所需的三种基本自然资源。农业工业化导致种植方式集约化，大量使用化学农药和化肥，从而损害了这些自然资源。因此，需要采用不依赖大量使用化肥和水来满足全球粮食需求增长的农业实践。植物和土壤中栖息着数以百万计的微生物，它们共同构成了一个被称为微生物组的微生物群落。一个有效的微生物组可以为其宿主带来益处，包括促进植物生长、提高养分利用效率以及控制害虫和植物病原体。因此，迫切需要将植物相关微生物组的功能潜力及其创新应用于作物生产。除此之外，能够追踪养分在植物、其常驻微生物组和周围土壤中流动的新科学方法，将为设计更高效的微生物群落提供新机会。现在人们越来越认识到，微生物接种物的多样性与其促进植物生长的能力同样重要。毫不奇怪，此类植物和土壤微生物组研究的结果导致了一种范式转变，即从单一的特定土壤微生物转向更全面的微生物组方法，以提高作物生产力和恢复土壤健康。在此，我们回顾了这一范式转变，并讨论了基于良性微生物组的可持续农业方法的各个方面。
