CD169 macrophages are a unique type of macrophage subset that differ from M1 and M2 macrophages. CD169 macrophages are present in multiple tissues and organs throughout the body and are primarily expressed in secondary lymphoid organs. These cells are primarily divided across three locations in secondary lymphoid organs: The metallophilic marginal zone of the spleen, the subcapsular sinus and the medulla of the lymph nodes. Due to their unique location distribution and the presence of the CD169 molecule on their surfaces, CD169 macrophages are reported to serve important roles in several processes, such as phagocytosis, antigen presentation, immune tolerance, viral infection and inflammatory responses. At the same time, it has been reported that CD169 macrophages may also serve an important role in anti-tumour immunity. The present review focuses on the research progress surrounding the function of CD169 macrophages in a variety of diseases, such as viral infection, autoimmune diseases and tumours.