Ultrahigh resolution optical coherence tomography (UHR-OCT) for differentiating pituitary gland versus adenoma tissue has been investigated for the first time, indicating more than 80% accuracy. For biomarker identification, OCT images of paraffin embedded tissue are correlated to histopathological slices. The identified biomarkers are verified on fresh biopsies. Additionally, an approach, based on resolution modified UHR-OCT data, investigating optical performance parameters for the realization in an endoscope is presented and evaluated. The identified morphological features-cell groups with reticulin framework-detectable with UHR-OCT showcase a promising differentiation ability, encouraging endoscopic OCT probe development for application.