Kwiatek Michał T, Drozdowska Zofia, Kurasiak-Popowska Danuta, Noweiska Aleksandra, Nawracała Jerzy
Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agronomy and Bioengineering, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Dojazd 11Str., 60-632, Poznan, Poland.
J Appl Genet. 2021 May;62(2):199-205. doi: 10.1007/s13353-020-00600-5. Epub 2021 Jan 7.
Camelina sativa L. Crantz (Brassicaceae family), known as camelina, has gained new attention as a re-emerging oil seed crop. With a unique seed oil profile, with the majority of the fatty acids consisting of linolenic (C18:3), oleic (C18:1), linoleic (C18:2), and eicosenoic (C20:1), camelina oil is reported to be useful as a food oil and biofuel. However, there are still many unknown factors about the structure and genetic variability of this crop. Chromosomal localization of ribosomal DNA was performed using fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) with 5S rDNA and 25S rDNA sequences as molecular probes on mitotic chromosomes of enzymatically digested root-tip meristematic cells. Here, we present for the first time a comparative analysis of selected genotypes (cultivars, breeding lines and mutants) of C. sativa with the use of cytogenetic techniques. The main aim of the study was to determine the intraspecific and interspecific polymorphisms in the structure of chromosomes of selected accessions using conserved 5S and 25S rDNA repetitive sequences as molecular probes. The results were compared with C. microcarpa (closely related to C. sativa) rDNA gene loci distribution. The presence of minor rDNA sites was discussed and compared with other Brassicaceae species. In addition, demonstration karyograms of C. sativa and C. microcarpa mapped with rDNA probes were prepared based on the cv. "Przybrodzka" and GE2011-02 genotype, respectively. The use of 5S and 25S rDNA probes provided an insight on the genome structure of C. sativa at the cytogenetic level and can help to understand the genome organization of this crop. The putative role of cytogenetic markers in phylogenetic analyses of camelina was discussed, as well.
亚麻荠（Camelina sativa L. Crantz，十字花科），也被称为荠蓝，作为一种再度兴起的油料作物，重新受到了关注。荠蓝具有独特的种子油成分，其脂肪酸主要由亚麻酸（C18:3）、油酸（C18:1）、亚油酸（C18:2）和二十碳烯酸（C20:1）组成，据报道，荠蓝油可用作食用油和生物燃料。然而，关于这种作物的结构和遗传变异性，仍有许多未知因素。利用荧光原位杂交（FISH）技术，以5S rDNA和25S rDNA序列作为分子探针，对酶解根尖分生组织细胞的有丝分裂染色体进行核糖体DNA的染色体定位。在此，我们首次利用细胞遗传学技术对亚麻荠的选定基因型（品种、育种系和突变体）进行了比较分析。该研究的主要目的是使用保守的5S和25S rDNA重复序列作为分子探针，确定选定材料染色体结构中的种内和种间多态性。将结果与小果亚麻荠（与亚麻荠密切相关）的rDNA基因座分布进行了比较。讨论了次要rDNA位点的存在情况，并与其他十字花科物种进行了比较。此外，还分别基于“Przybrodzka”品种和GE2011 - 02基因型，制备了用rDNA探针定位的亚麻荠和小果亚麻荠的示范核型图。5S和25S rDNA探针的使用，在细胞遗传学水平上为亚麻荠的基因组结构提供了深入了解，并有助于理解这种作物的基因组组织。同时，还讨论了细胞遗传标记在亚麻荠系统发育分析中的假定作用。
