Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences - National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.
Arh Hig Rada Toksikol. 2020 Dec 31;71(4):320-328. doi: 10.2478/aiht-2020-71-3476.
Yellow gentian (Gentiana lutea L.), a medicinal plant widely used in traditional medicine, displays multiple biological effects, ranging from beneficial to toxic. Since many promising applications have been reported so far, our aim was to evaluate its potential concentration- and time- dependent cytotoxic and genotoxic effects in vitro. To that end we exposed human peripheral blood mononuclear cells to 0.5, 1, and 2 mg/mL of yellow gentian root extract (YGRE) to determine its effects on oxidative stress parameters [pro/antioxidant balance (PAB) and lipid peroxidation], DNA damage (alkaline comet assay and chromosome aberrations), and cell viability (trypan blue exclusion test). Cell viability decreased with increasing concentrations and treatment duration. Only the lowest YGRE concentration (0.5 mg/mL) increased oxidative stress but produced minor DNA damage and cytotoxicity. At higher concentrations, redox parameters returned to near control values. The percentage of chromosome aberrations and percentage of DNA in the comet tail increased with increased YGRE concentration after 48 h and declined after 72 h of treatment. This points to the activation of DNA repair mechanism (homologous recombination), evidenced by the formation of chromosomal radial figures after 72 h of treatment with the highest YGRE concentration of 2 mg/mL. Our results suggest that YGRE, despite induction of cytotoxic and genotoxic effects, activates cell repair mechanisms that counter oxidative and DNA lesions and induce cell death in highly damaged cells. Therefore, observed protective effects of yellow gentian after longer exposure could be a result of activated repair and removal of cells with irreparable damage.
黄色龙胆（Gentiana lutea L.）是一种广泛应用于传统医学的药用植物，具有多种生物学效应，既有有益的，也有有毒的。由于迄今为止已经报道了许多有前途的应用，我们的目的是评估其在体外的潜在浓度和时间依赖性细胞毒性和遗传毒性作用。为此，我们将人外周血单核细胞暴露于 0.5、1 和 2 mg/mL 的黄色龙胆根提取物（YGRE）中，以确定其对氧化应激参数[促/抗氧化平衡（PAB）和脂质过氧化]、DNA 损伤（碱性彗星试验和染色体畸变）和细胞活力（台盼蓝排除试验）的影响。细胞活力随浓度和处理时间的增加而降低。只有最低浓度的 YGRE（0.5 mg/mL）增加了氧化应激，但产生了较小的 DNA 损伤和细胞毒性。在较高浓度下，氧化还原参数恢复到接近对照值。随着 YGRE 浓度的增加，染色体畸变率和彗星尾部的 DNA 百分比在 48 小时后增加，并在 72 小时后下降。这表明 DNA 修复机制（同源重组）被激活，这一点在经过 72 小时处理后，用最高浓度的 YGRE（2 mg/mL）形成染色体放射状图形得到证明。我们的研究结果表明，尽管 YGRE 诱导了细胞毒性和遗传毒性作用，但它激活了细胞修复机制，该机制可对抗氧化和 DNA 损伤，并诱导受损严重的细胞死亡。因此，在较长时间暴露后观察到的黄色龙胆的保护作用可能是由于激活了修复和去除不可修复损伤的细胞所致。
