Altmannsberger M
Institut für Pathologie der Universität Giessen.
Veroff Pathol. 1988;127:1-105.
Classification of tumors is based on histogenesis and on determination of malignancy. In well differentiated neoplasias the tumor tissue reveals a similar morphological pattern similar to that of the normal tissue from which they have originated. In contrast less differentiated neoplasias do not show such similarities to normal tissue in conventional stains and special procedures such as electron microscopy or immunohistology have to be performed in order to detect cell specific products. In many undifferentiated tumors this is not possible because loss of differentiation and organisation in tumor cells do not allow the production of cell specific substances. A new possibility for determining the histogenesis of tumors is the use of antibodies which are specific for one type of intermediate filaments. Intermediate filaments are structures, which together with microtubules and microfilaments form the cytoskeleton. Intermediate filaments are composed of different polypeptides, which show a cell type specificity. Keratins are the intermediate filaments characteristically found in keratinizing and nonkeratinizing epithelia. Desmin is the specific intermediate filament type of sarcomeric, visceral and some type of vascular smooth muscle tissue. Vimentin filaments are characteristic of endothelial cells, fibroblasts, macrophages, chondrocytes and most but not all lymphatic cells and the only intermediate filament type present in these cells. Neurofilaments are composed of three different polypeptides, which form the so called neurofilament triplet and are characteristically found in central and peripheral neurons. Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) forms the intermediate filament system of normal and reactive astrocytes and also some ependymal cells contain GFAP. Thus cells and tissues can be divided into five different types by the use of appropriate polyclonal or monoclonal antibodies. In the current study we were interested to determine with a large number of specimens, whether primary tumors or metastases continue to express the intermediate type characteristic of the normal tissue. The following results demonstrate, there is abundant evidence that intermediate filaments can be used as cell type specific markers both for normal tissue and for tumors. 1. To exclude wrong negative results by intermediate filament typing, a reliable detection of intermediate filaments should be performed on cryostat sections or on material, which has been recently ethanol fixed and paraffin embedded. With many antibodies fixation of the tissue in formalin results in a decrease of reactivity.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
肿瘤的分类基于组织发生学和恶性程度的判定。在高分化肿瘤中，肿瘤组织呈现出与起源的正常组织相似的形态模式。相比之下，低分化肿瘤在传统染色中与正常组织没有这种相似性，必须进行电子显微镜或免疫组织学等特殊检查，以检测细胞特异性产物。在许多未分化肿瘤中，这是不可能的，因为肿瘤细胞中分化和组织结构的丧失不允许产生细胞特异性物质。确定肿瘤组织发生学的一种新方法是使用针对一种中间丝类型的抗体。中间丝是与微管和微丝一起构成细胞骨架的结构。中间丝由不同的多肽组成，具有细胞类型特异性。角蛋白是在角化和非角化上皮中特有的中间丝。结蛋白是肌节、内脏和某些血管平滑肌组织特有的中间丝类型。波形蛋白丝是内皮细胞、成纤维细胞、巨噬细胞、软骨细胞以及大多数但并非所有淋巴细胞的特征，是这些细胞中唯一存在的中间丝类型。神经丝由三种不同的多肽组成，形成所谓的神经丝三联体，特异地存在于中枢和外周神经元中。胶质纤维酸性蛋白（GFAP）构成正常和反应性星形胶质细胞的中间丝系统，一些室管膜细胞也含有GFAP。因此，通过使用适当的多克隆或单克隆抗体，细胞和组织可分为五种不同类型。在当前研究中，我们感兴趣的是用大量标本确定原发性肿瘤或转移瘤是否继续表达正常组织特有的中间丝类型。以下结果表明，有充分证据表明中间丝可作为正常组织和肿瘤的细胞类型特异性标志物。1. 为排除中间丝分型出现的假阴性结果，应在低温切片或最近经乙醇固定和石蜡包埋的材料上进行可靠的中间丝检测。使用许多抗体时，组织在福尔马林中固定会导致反应性降低。
