Fusco Vincenzina, Quero Grazia Marina
Nal. Research Council of Italy, Inst. of Sciences of Food Production (CNR-ISPA), Bari, Italy.
Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf. 2014 Jul;13(4):493-537. doi: 10.1111/1541-4337.12074.
Despite great advances in the diagnostics and better awareness for food safety and security worldwide, significant numbers of foodborne outbreaks have been traced back to the consumption of milk and dairy products contaminated with pathogenic bacteria, such as Listeria monocytogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella spp., Campylobacter spp., and pathogenic Escherichia coli. Several culture-dependent and culture-independent nucleic acid-based methods have been proposed to identify, detect, and type milk- and dairyborne pathogenic bacteria. In our review, we will provide an overview on why it is of utmost importance to ascertain the presence of pathogenic microorganisms in milk and milk products; thereafter, we will describe the most commonly used culture-dependent and culture-independent methods, as well as the most attractive ones with regard to their future exploitation, providing the reader with new insights into how and when they can be exploited to ensure the enumeration, and accurate detection at both species and strain level of the most important milk- and dairyborne pathogenic bacteria, even if in a viable but nonculturable state.
尽管全球在诊断技术方面取得了巨大进步，并且对食品安全和保障的认识有所提高，但仍有大量食源性疾病暴发可追溯到食用了被致病细菌污染的牛奶和乳制品，如单核细胞增生李斯特菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、沙门氏菌属、弯曲杆菌属和致病性大肠杆菌。已经提出了几种基于培养和不依赖培养的核酸方法来鉴定、检测和分型牛奶及乳制品中携带的致病细菌。在我们的综述中，我们将概述为何确定牛奶和乳制品中致病微生物的存在至关重要；此后，我们将描述最常用的基于培养和不依赖培养的方法，以及就其未来应用而言最具吸引力的方法，为读者提供关于如何以及何时利用这些方法确保对最重要的牛奶及乳制品中携带的致病细菌进行计数，并在种和菌株水平进行准确检测的新见解，即使这些细菌处于活的但不可培养的状态。
