Nielsen Tina-Thea, Møller Trine K, Olesen Niels D, Zebis Mette K, Ritz Christian, Nordsborg Nikolai, Hansen Peter R, Krustrup Peter
Department of Physiotherapy, University College Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Eur J Sport Sci. 2022 Mar;22(3):460-473. doi: 10.1080/17461391.2021.1874057. Epub 2021 Feb 8.
We evaluated the cardiometabolic effects of a 15-week combined exercise programme, implemented in sports clubs, for 50-70-year-olds with low aerobic fitness. In a randomized controlled trial, 45 participants (26 women) with low fitness were randomly assigned (2:1-ratio) to a training group (TG, = 30) or inactive control group (CG, = 15). TG had 15 weeks with one weekly 90-min supervised group-based session in a recreational sports club with combined aerobic exercise and strength training and were encouraged to perform home-based training 30 min/wk. Evaluations of relative VO (mLO/min/kg), blood pressure, resting heart rate (HR), echocardiography, peripheral arterial tonometry, body composition, lipid profile and HbA1c were performed at 0 and 15 wks. Average HR during supervised training was 113 ± 13 bpm (68.6 ± 7.0%HR), with 4.3 ± 6.6% spent >90%HR. At 15-wk follow-up, intention-to-treat analyses revealed no between-group difference for VO/kg (0.4 mLO/min/kg, 95%CI -0.8-1.5, = 0.519; -3 mL/min, 95%CI -123-118, = 0.966) or other cardiovascular outcomes (all > 0.05). Compared to CG, total fat mass (-1.9 kg; 95%CI -3.2 to -0.5, = 0.005), total fat percentage (-1.3%, 95%CI -2.2 to -0.3, = 0.01) and total/HDL cholesterol ratio ( = 0.032) decreased in TG. Regular adherence to supervised training was high (81%), but 0% for home-based exercise. In conclusion, the group-based supervised training was associated with high adherence and moderate exercise intensity, whereas insufficiently supported home-based training was not feasible. Together, 15 wks of combined exercise training did not improve aerobic fitness or affected cardiovascular function in 50-70-yr-olds with low aerobic fitness, whereas some positive effects were observed in metabolic parameters. Combined exercise training implemented in a sports club elicited moderate aerobic intensity in 50-70-year-old untrained individuals.Supervised group-based training had high adherence whereas unsupported home-based training had very low adherence.15 weeks of low-frequency combined moderate intensity exercise training improved lipid profile and fat mass, but had no effect on cardiovascular fitness.
我们评估了一项为期15周的联合运动计划对有氧适能较低的50至70岁人群的心脏代谢影响，该计划在体育俱乐部实施。在一项随机对照试验中，45名适能较低的参与者（26名女性）被随机分配（2:1比例）到训练组（TG，n = 30）或非活动对照组（CG，n = 15）。TG组进行为期15周的训练，每周在一个休闲体育俱乐部参加一次90分钟的有监督的团体课程，课程内容包括有氧运动和力量训练，并被鼓励每周进行30分钟的家庭训练。在第0周和第15周对相对VO₂（mL O₂/min/kg）、血压、静息心率（HR）、超声心动图、外周动脉张力测量、身体成分、血脂谱和糖化血红蛋白进行评估。监督训练期间的平均心率为113±13次/分钟（68.6±7.0%HR），其中4.3±6.6%的时间心率>90%HR。在15周的随访中，意向性分析显示两组在VO₂/kg方面无差异（0.4 mL O₂/min/kg，95%CI -0.8 - 1.5，P = 0.519；-3 mL/min，95%CI -123 - 118，P = 0.966）或其他心血管结局（均P>0.05）。与CG组相比，TG组的总脂肪量（-1.9 kg；95%CI -3.2至-0.5，P = 0.005）、总脂肪百分比（-1.3%，95%CI -2.2至-0.3，P = 0.01）和总胆固醇/高密度脂蛋白胆固醇比值（P = 0.032）均有所下降。对监督训练的定期依从性较高（81%），但家庭训练的依从性为0%。总之，团体监督训练具有较高的依从性和中等运动强度，而缺乏足够支持的家庭训练不可行。总体而言，15周的联合运动训练并未改善有氧适能较低的50至70岁人群的有氧适能或影响心血管功能，而在代谢参数方面观察到了一些积极影响。在体育俱乐部实施的联合运动训练在50至70岁未经训练的个体中引发了中等的有氧强度。团体监督训练的依从性较高，而无支持的家庭训练的依从性非常低。15周的低频联合中等强度运动训练改善了血脂谱和脂肪量，但对心血管适能无影响。
