Zhang Xingxia, Chen Xinrong, Xu Yujie, Yang Jie, Du Liang, Li Ka, Zhou Yong
West China School of Nursing/West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 37 Guo Xue Rd, Chengdu, 610041, China.
Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 37 Guo Xue Rd, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan Province, China.
Nutr Metab (Lond). 2021 Jan 7;18(1):7. doi: 10.1186/s12986-020-00527-y.
In order to recapitulate the best available evidence of milk consumption and multiple health-related outcomes, we performed an umbrella review of meta-analyses and systematic reviews in humans. Totally, 41 meta-analyses with 45 unique health outcomes were included. Milk consumption was more often related to benefits than harm to a sequence of health-related outcomes. Dose-response analyses indicated that an increment of 200 ml (approximately 1 cup) milk intake per day was associated with a lower risk of cardiovascular disease, stroke, hypertension, colorectal cancer, metabolic syndrome, obesity and osteoporosis. Beneficial associations were also found for type 2 diabetes mellitus and Alzheimer's disease. Conversely, milk intake might be associated with higher risk of prostate cancer, Parkinson's disease, acne and Fe-deficiency anaemia in infancy. Potential allergy or lactose intolerance need for caution. Milk consumption does more good than harm for human health in this umbrella review. Our results support milk consumption as part of a healthy diet. More well-designed randomized controlled trials are warranted.
为了总结有关牛奶消费与多种健康相关结果的最佳现有证据，我们对人体的荟萃分析和系统评价进行了一项综合评价。总共纳入了41项针对45种独特健康结果的荟萃分析。在一系列与健康相关的结果中，饮用牛奶带来的益处往往多于危害。剂量反应分析表明，每天增加200毫升（约1杯）牛奶摄入量与心血管疾病、中风、高血压、结直肠癌、代谢综合征、肥胖症和骨质疏松症的较低风险相关。在2型糖尿病和阿尔茨海默病方面也发现了有益关联。相反，牛奶摄入可能与婴儿期患前列腺癌、帕金森病、痤疮和缺铁性贫血的较高风险相关。对潜在过敏或乳糖不耐受情况需谨慎对待。在这项综合评价中，饮用牛奶对人类健康利大于弊。我们的结果支持将饮用牛奶作为健康饮食的一部分。有必要开展更多设计良好的随机对照试验。
