Morales Gladys, Bugueño Claudia, Valenzuela Rodrigo, Chamorro Rodrigo, Leiva Carla, Gotteland Martin, Trunce-Morales Silvana, Pizarro-Aranguiz Nicolás, Durán-Agüero Samuel
Departamento de Salud Pública, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile.
Centro de Investigación en Epidemiología Cardiovascular y Nutricional (EPICYN), Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile.
PLoS One. 2025 Apr 29;20(4):e0320633. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0320633. eCollection 2025.
Some studies have associated dairy consumption with a lower risk of obesity. However, these studies are concentrated in developed countries with high dairy consumption. In developing countries, the evidence is scarce. This study aimed to evaluate the association between the consumption of different types of dairy products and obesity in Chilean adults.
A cross-sectional study, stratified by sex and age, was carried out using a validated online survey to assess the consumption of dairy products among adults living in Chile. Dairy product consumption was then classified into tertiles. Obesity was determined based on self-reported body mass index (BMI) ≥ 30 kg/m2. Logistic regression models were used to assess the association between dairy consumption and obesity, adjusting for several confounding variables.
In total, 2008 participants were included in the analyses. Forty-seven percent, 39% and 14% belonged to the <35 years, 35-60 years, and ≥60-year groups, respectively. 55% were female, 86% had a low-medium socioeconomic level. Cow-derived cheese, milk, and yogurt were the most commonly consumed dairy products. Obese participants had a lower total consumption of dairy products (17.1%) than normal-weight subjects (25.7%, p<0.05). Higher cheese intake was significantly associated with a lower obesity risk (ORadj: 0.70; 95%CI 0.51-0.96, p<0.05). Other types of dairy products and total consumption of dairy products were not significantly associated.
Habitual cheese consumption, but not other dairy products, was associated with a lower risk of obesity in this sample of Chilean adults.
一些研究表明，食用乳制品与较低的肥胖风险相关。然而，这些研究主要集中在乳制品消费量高的发达国家。在发展中国家，相关证据较少。本研究旨在评估智利成年人食用不同类型乳制品与肥胖之间的关联。
采用经过验证的在线调查开展了一项按性别和年龄分层的横断面研究，以评估智利成年人的乳制品消费量。然后将乳制品消费量分为三个三分位数。根据自我报告的体重指数（BMI）≥30kg/m²确定肥胖情况。使用逻辑回归模型评估乳制品消费与肥胖之间的关联，并对几个混杂变量进行了调整。
总计2008名参与者纳入分析。分别有47%、39%和14%属于<35岁、35 - 60岁和≥60岁组。55%为女性，86%具有中低社会经济水平。牛源性奶酪、牛奶和酸奶是最常食用的乳制品。肥胖参与者的乳制品总消费量（17.1%）低于正常体重受试者（25.7%，p<0.05）。较高的奶酪摄入量与较低的肥胖风险显著相关（调整后的比值比：0.70；95%置信区间0.51 - 0.96，p<0.05）。其他类型的乳制品以及乳制品总消费量未显示出显著关联。
在这个智利成年人样本中，经常食用奶酪与较低的肥胖风险相关，而其他乳制品则不然。
