Military Performance Division, U.S. Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Natick, MA, USA.
Research Service, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA.
Int J Obes (Lond). 2021 Mar;45(3):659-665. doi: 10.1038/s41366-020-00730-0. Epub 2021 Jan 7.
U.S. Army Basic Combat Training (BCT) prepares new recruits to meet soldier physical demands. It also serves as a model of physical changes in healthy young nonobese women and men during an intensive 10-week training program without diet restriction. In this prospective observational study, we quantified the changes in lean mass and body fat induced by BCT in a large sample of men and women undergoing the same physical training program.
Young women (n = 573) and men (n = 1071) meeting Army health and fitness recruitment standards volunteered to provide DXA-derived body composition data at the beginning and end of BCT.
During BCT, there was no change in body mass in women and a 1.7-kg loss in men. Relative body fat (%BF) declined by an average of 4.0 ± 2.4 and 3.4 ± 2.8 percentage points (±SD) for women and men, respectively. The greatest predictor of change in %BF during BCT for both sexes was %BF at the beginning of training. Women and men gained an average 2.7 ± 1.6 kg and 1.7 ± 2.0 kg of lean mass during BCT.
Army BCT produced significant effects on body composition despite minimal changes in total body mass. These findings demonstrate the ability of a 10-week sex-integrated physical training program to positively alter body composition profiles of young adults.
美国陆军基础战斗训练（BCT）旨在使新兵能够满足士兵的体能要求。它还为健康的年轻非肥胖男女在没有饮食限制的情况下，在为期 10 周的强化训练计划中身体发生变化提供了一个模型。在这项前瞻性观察研究中，我们定量分析了大量男性和女性在接受相同身体训练计划期间，BCT 引起的瘦体重和体脂变化。
符合陆军健康和体能招募标准的年轻女性（n=573）和男性（n=1071）自愿在 BCT 开始和结束时提供 DXA 衍生的身体成分数据。
在 BCT 期间，女性的体重没有变化，男性体重减轻了 1.7 公斤。女性和男性的相对体脂（%BF）分别平均下降了 4.0±2.4 和 3.4±2.8 个百分点（±SD）。%BF 在训练开始时是预测 BCT 期间%BF 变化的最大因素。女性和男性在 BCT 期间平均增加了 2.7±1.6 公斤和 1.7±2.0 公斤的瘦体重。
尽管总体重几乎没有变化，但陆军 BCT 对身体成分产生了显著影响。这些发现表明，为期 10 周的性别综合体能训练计划有能力改变年轻人的身体成分特征。
