Coge Manuel, Neiva Henrique Pereira, Pereira Ana, Faíl Luís, Ribeiro Bruno, Esteves Dulce
Department of Sport Sciences, University of Beira Interior, Convento de Santo António, 6201-001 Covilhã, Portugal.
Research Center in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development (CIDESD), Convento de Santo António, 6201-001 Covilhã, Portugal.
J Funct Morphol Kinesiol. 2024 Jun 26;9(3):111. doi: 10.3390/jfmk9030111.
Military personnel need physical fitness to effectively carry out operational military activities within their specific field of operation. This research investigates the effects of a 34-week training program on Angolan cadets' body composition, muscle strength, and cardiorespiratory fitness. Seventy-four volunteer recruits, aged 18 to 26 years, were monitored during their eight-month military service, following an exercise program protocol comprising 12 weeks of strength training followed by 24 weeks of endurance training. Anthropometric variables, including body mass, body mass index, and fat mass, were assessed, along with cardiorespiratory fitness (VOmax), sprint performance, countermovement jump (CMJ), medicine ball throw, push-ups, and curl-ups. The physical training protocol encompassed running sessions, strength exercises, agility drills, and flexibility exercises. The initial assessment revealed gender differences in various parameters such as body mass, body fat percentage, VOmax, sprinting, countermovement jump (CMJ), medicine ball throw, and push-ups. Following the training program, changes were observed in all variables (effect size between 0.48 and 2.33, < 0.01) for the participants. Significant interactions (sex × time) were found in body mass (F = 5.18, = 0.03, ηp = 0.06), body fat percentage (F = 5.31, < 0.01, ηp = 0.14), and medicine ball throw (F = 10.84, < 0.01, ηp = 0.13). Specifically, males exhibited a greater reduction in body mass (females: 2.70%, males: 3.47%, < 0.05) and a substantial improvement in ball throwing performance (females: 7.74%, males: 11.47%, < 0.01), while females experienced a greater reduction in fat mass (females: 5.34%, males: 3.15%, < 0.01). The physical training regimen effectively influenced body composition, particularly in enhancing strength performance among males. The integration of exercise programs with military service led to a notable reduction in fat tissue and an increase in lean tissue. Hence, the development of tailored training protocols is imperative to enhance the physical capacity and overall health of military recruits, considering sex-specific characteristics and physical attributes.
军事人员需要具备良好的身体素质，以便在其特定的作战领域有效地开展军事行动。本研究调查了一项为期34周的训练计划对安哥拉军校学员身体成分、肌肉力量和心肺适能的影响。74名年龄在18至26岁之间的志愿者新兵在为期八个月的兵役期间接受监测，他们遵循一项运动计划方案，该方案包括12周的力量训练，随后是24周的耐力训练。评估了人体测量变量，包括体重、体重指数和脂肪量，以及心肺适能（最大摄氧量）、短跑成绩、反向移动纵跳（CMJ）、药球投掷、俯卧撑和仰卧起坐。体能训练方案包括跑步训练、力量练习、敏捷性训练和柔韧性训练。初始评估揭示了在体重、体脂百分比、最大摄氧量、短跑、反向移动纵跳（CMJ）、药球投掷和俯卧撑等各种参数上的性别差异。在训练计划之后，参与者的所有变量都出现了变化（效应大小在0.48至2.33之间，<0.01）。在体重（F = 5.18，= 0.03，ηp = 0.06）、体脂百分比（F = 5.31，< 0.01，ηp = 0.14）和药球投掷（F = 10.84，< 0.01，ηp = 0.13）方面发现了显著的交互作用（性别×时间）。具体而言，男性的体重下降幅度更大（女性：2.70%，男性：3.47%，< 0.05），药球投掷成绩有显著提高（女性：7.74%，男性：11.47%，< 0.01），而女性的脂肪量下降幅度更大（女性：5.34%，男性：3.15%，< 0.01）。体能训练方案有效地影响了身体成分，特别是增强了男性的力量表现。将运动计划与兵役相结合导致脂肪组织显著减少，瘦组织增加。因此，考虑到性别特异性特征和身体属性，制定量身定制的训练方案对于提高新兵的身体能力和整体健康至关重要。
