Hacımustafaoğlu Mustafa
Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Uludag University Faculty of Medicine, Bursa, Turkey.
Turk Pediatri Ars. 2020 Dec 16;55(4):337-344. doi: 10.14744/TurkPediatriArs.2020.90018. eCollection 2020.
Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, more than 90% of students worldwide were affected by education loss. Moreover, for school-age children and adolescents, there may be worsening of nutrition, increasing mental health disorders, lack of physical activity, and related deleterious consequences raise concerns about negative habits, child violence, and abuse. Face-to-face education in schools provides positive educational opportunities that cannot be achieved with online education. In studies from various countries, children have milder disease, constituting as little as 1-8% of all laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 cases, with less transmission capacity to household contacts than adults (0.5-7% vs. 10-20%). Symptomatic or asymptomatic children can infect other people less than adults. Also, the transmission of illness between students at school is less than expected, and the transmission of COVID-19 to students is usually acquired from sick adults rather than sick students. Therefore, with suitable measures, infection risk is less than expected and seems not to be higher than in other public places. COVID-19 measures in schools can be summarized as follows: avoiding crowded/close contact environments as much as possible, respecting the protective (social) distance, wearing appropriate masks, hand hygiene, and some essential protective measurements of classrooms and environment. Measurements should be participatory (students, teachers, education staff, parents, administration), applicable, sustainable, and flexible according to the conditions.
由于新冠疫情,全球超过90%的学生受到教育损失的影响。此外,对于学龄儿童和青少年来说,可能会出现营养状况恶化、心理健康问题增多、缺乏体育活动等情况,而相关的有害后果引发了人们对不良习惯、儿童暴力和虐待行为的担忧。学校的面对面教育提供了在线教育无法实现的积极教育机会。在各国的研究中,儿童感染新冠病毒后的病情较轻,在所有实验室确诊的新冠病例中仅占1%至8%,与成年人相比,其将病毒传播给家庭接触者的能力更低(0.5%至7% 对比10%至20%)。有症状或无症状的儿童感染他人的可能性低于成年人。而且,学校里学生之间的疾病传播比预期的要少,新冠病毒通常是由患病的成年人传染给学生,而非患病学生传染给其他学生。因此,采取适当措施后,感染风险低于预期,似乎也并不高于其他公共场所。学校的新冠防控措施可总结如下:尽可能避免拥挤/密切接触环境,遵守社交距离,佩戴合适的口罩,保持手部卫生,以及对教室和环境采取一些必要的防护措施。这些措施应该具有参与性(学生、教师、教育工作人员、家长、行政部门),并根据实际情况具备适用性、可持续性和灵活性。