Kidd M T, Poernama F, Wibowo T, Maynard C W, Liu S Y
Center of Excellence for Poultry Science, Division of Agriculture, University of Arkansas System, Fayetteville, AR, 72701, USA.
PT JAPFA Comfeed Indonesia Tbk, Jakarta, 12810, Indonesia.
J Anim Sci Biotechnol. 2021 Jan 10;12(1):6. doi: 10.1186/s40104-020-00535-1.
Valine and isoleucine are similar in chemical structure and their limitation in broiler chicken diets. To evaluate their limitation and interactive effects, multivariate assessment nutrition studies for the branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) are needed. A three level (- 1, 0, + 1), three-factor Box-Behnken design study was conducted to assess dietary BCAA ratios to lysine of 65, 75, and 85 for valine, 58, 66, and 74 for isoleucine, and 110, 130, and 150 for leucine in male and female Lohman Indian River broilers from 22 to 35 d of age.
Live performance of male broilers was not affected by BCAA level. However, male broilers fed increasing isoleucine had improved (P = 0.07) carcass yield as leucine and valine were reduced. Female broilers had improved body weight gain (P = 0.05) and feed conversion (P = 0.003) when leucine and isoleucine were at their lowest levels, independent of valine, but increasing leucine impaired live performance and warranted concomitant increases in isoleucine to restore responses. Increasing dietary isoleucine and valine in female broilers increased breast meat yield (P = 0.05), but increasing leucine tended to diminish the response.
The female Lohman Indian River broiler is more sensitive to BCAA diet manipulation than males. Specifically, as dietary leucine is increased in female broilers, dietary isoleucine increases were needed to offset the negative effects. Both increases in dietary valine and isoleucine improved breast meat yield in female broilers, but only when birds were fed the lowest dietary leucine.
缬氨酸和异亮氨酸化学结构相似，且在肉鸡日粮中存在限制。为评估它们的限制及交互作用，需要对支链氨基酸（BCAA）进行多变量评估营养研究。本研究采用三水平（-1、0、+1）、三因素的Box-Behnken设计，评估22至35日龄的雄性和雌性罗曼印地安河肉鸡日粮中缬氨酸、异亮氨酸和亮氨酸与赖氨酸的比例，缬氨酸比例分别为65、75和85，异亮氨酸比例分别为58、66和74，亮氨酸比例分别为110、130和150。
雄性肉鸡的生长性能不受BCAA水平影响。然而，随着亮氨酸和缬氨酸减少，饲喂异亮氨酸增加的雄性肉鸡胴体产量有所提高（P = 0.07）。当亮氨酸和异亮氨酸处于最低水平时，雌性肉鸡的体重增加（P = 0.05）和饲料转化率（P = 0.003）得到改善，且与缬氨酸无关，但增加亮氨酸会损害生长性能，因此需要同时增加异亮氨酸以恢复生长性能。增加雌性肉鸡日粮中的异亮氨酸和缬氨酸可提高胸肉产量（P = 0.05），但增加亮氨酸则会减弱这种反应。
雌性罗曼印地安河肉鸡比雄性对BCAA日粮调控更敏感。具体而言，当雌性肉鸡日粮中的亮氨酸增加时，需要增加异亮氨酸以抵消负面影响。日粮中缬氨酸和异亮氨酸的增加均能提高雌性肉鸡的胸肉产量，但前提是日粮中的亮氨酸含量最低。
