Hammoudi Jamila, Bouanani Nour El Houda, Chelqi El Habri, Bentata Yassamine, Nouayti Hamid, Legssyer Abdelkhaleq, Ziyyat Abderrahim
Laboratoire de Bioressources, Biotechnologies, Ethnopharmacologie et Santé, Département de Biologie - Faculté des Sciences, Université Mohammed Premier, Oujda, Morocco.
Service d'Ophtalmologie, Clinique Al-Irfane-Oujda, Morocco.
Saudi J Biol Sci. 2021 Jan;28(1):775-784. doi: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2020.11.010. Epub 2020 Nov 11.
Diabetes is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. It can affect many organs and, over time, leads to serious complications. Diabetic retinopathy (DR), a specific ocular complication of diabetes, remains the leading cause of vision loss and vision impairment in adults. This work is the first in Eastern Morocco aimed at identifying the different stages of DR and to determine their frequencies and associated risk factors. It is a case-control study conducted from December 2018 to July 2019 at the ophthalmology department of Al-Irfane Clinic (Oujda). Data were obtained from a specific questionnaire involving 244 diabetic patients (122 cases with retinopathy vs 122 controls without retinopathy). All results were analyzed by the EPI-Info software. This study shows a predominance of proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) with 57.4% of cases (uncomplicated proliferative diabetic retinopathy (UPDR): 23.8%; complicated proliferative diabetic retinopathy (CPDR): 33.6%). The non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR) represents 42.6% (minimal NPDR: 8.2%; moderate NPDR: 26.2%; severe NPDR: 8.2%). The determinants of DR were insulin therapy, high blood pressure, poor glycemic control and duration of diabetes. Regarding the chronological evolution, retinopathy precedes nephropathy. Diabetic nephropathy (DN) was present in 10.6% of cases especially in patients with PDR. In summary, the frequency of PDR was higher than that of NPDR. DR appears before DN with a high frequency of DN in patients with PDR. Good glycemic control and blood pressure control, as well as early diagnosis are the major preventive measures against DR.
糖尿病是全球发病和死亡的主要原因。它可影响多个器官，随着时间推移会导致严重并发症。糖尿病性视网膜病变（DR）是糖尿病的一种特定眼部并发症，仍是成人视力丧失和视力损害的主要原因。这项研究是摩洛哥东部首次旨在确定DR不同阶段并确定其发生率及相关危险因素的研究。这是一项于2018年12月至2019年7月在奥贾达的艾尔法内诊所眼科进行的病例对照研究。数据来自一份涉及244名糖尿病患者的特定问卷（122例患有视网膜病变，122例无视网膜病变作为对照）。所有结果均通过EPI-Info软件进行分析。本研究显示增殖性糖尿病视网膜病变（PDR）占主导，占病例的57.4%（单纯增殖性糖尿病视网膜病变（UPDR）：23.8%；复杂性增殖性糖尿病视网膜病变（CPDR）：33.6%）。非增殖性糖尿病视网膜病变（NPDR）占42.6%（轻度NPDR：8.2%；中度NPDR：26.2%；重度NPDR：8.2%）。DR的决定因素为胰岛素治疗、高血压、血糖控制不佳和糖尿病病程。就时间演变而言，视网膜病变先于肾病出现。糖尿病肾病（DN）在10.6%的病例中存在，尤其是在患有PDR的患者中。总之，PDR的发生率高于NPDR。DR在DN之前出现，PDR患者中DN的发生率较高。良好的血糖控制和血压控制以及早期诊断是预防DR的主要措施。
