Huber Alexandra, Strecker Cornelia, Kachel Timo, Höge Thomas, Höfer Stefan
Department of Medical Psychology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.
Institute of Psychology, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.
Front Psychol. 2020 Dec 23;11:566728. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.566728. eCollection 2020.
Character strengths profiles in the specific setting of medical professionals are widely unchartered territory. This paper focused on an overview of character strengths profiles of medical professionals (medical students and physicians) based on literature research and available empirical data illustrating their impact on well-being and work engagement. A literature research was conducted and the majority of peer-reviewed considered articles dealt with theoretical or conceptually driven 'virtues' associated with medical specialties or questions of ethics in patient care (e.g., professionalism, or what makes a good physician). The virtues of compassion, courage, altruism, and benevolence were described most often. Only a limited number of papers addressed character strengths of medical students or physicians according to the VIA-classification. Those articles showed that the VIA-character strengths , , and were considered most often by respondents to be particularly important for the medical profession. Available cross-sectional (time span: six years) and longitudinal (time span: three years) data regarding VIA-character strengths profiles of medical professionals were analyzed ( = 584 medical students, 274 physicians). These profiles were quite homogenous among both groups. The character strengths , , , , and had the highest means in both samples. Noteworthy differences appeared when comparing medical specialties, in particular concerning general surgeons and psychiatrists, with the former reporting clearly higher levels of e.g., ( = 1.02) or ( = 1.19). Long-term results revealed significant positive effects of character strengths on well-being and work engagement (e.g., on physicians' work engagement) but also significant negative effects (e.g., on students' well-being). Further, was significantly associated both positively with physicians' well-being and negatively with students' work engagement, possibly indicating specific issues concerning medical education or hospital working conditions. According to the modern-day physician's pledge, medical professionals should pay attention to their own well-being and health. Therefore, promoting self-awareness and character building among medical professionals could be a beneficial strategy.
医学专业人员特定背景下的性格优势概况在很大程度上仍未被探索。本文基于文献研究和现有实证数据，对医学专业人员（医学生和医生）的性格优势概况进行了综述，阐述了这些优势对幸福感和工作投入度的影响。我们进行了文献研究，大多数经过同行评审的相关文章探讨的是与医学专业相关的理论或概念驱动的“美德”，或者是患者护理中的伦理问题（例如，专业精神，或者成为一名优秀医生的要素）。其中，同情心、勇气、利他主义和仁爱等美德被提及得最为频繁。只有少数论文根据VIA分类法探讨了医学生或医生的性格优势。这些文章表明，受访者认为VIA性格优势中的[具体优势1]、[具体优势2]和[具体优势3]对医学职业尤为重要。我们分析了关于医学专业人员VIA性格优势概况的现有横断面数据（时间跨度：六年）和纵向数据（时间跨度：三年）（样本包括584名医学生和274名医生）。两组样本的性格优势概况相当一致。性格优势[具体优势4]、[具体优势5]、[具体优势6]、[具体优势7]和[具体优势8]在两个样本中的均值最高。在比较不同医学专科时出现了显著差异，尤其是普通外科医生和精神科医生，前者在例如[具体优势9]（均值差异 = 1.02）或[具体优势10]（均值差异 = 1.19）方面报告的水平明显更高。长期结果显示，性格优势对幸福感和工作投入度有显著的积极影响（例如，[具体优势11]对医生工作投入度的影响），但也有显著的消极影响（例如，[具体优势12]对学生幸福感的影响）。此外，[具体优势13]与医生的幸福感呈显著正相关，与学生的工作投入度呈显著负相关，这可能表明医学教育或医院工作条件存在特定问题。根据现代医生誓言，医学专业人员应关注自身的幸福感和健康。因此，促进医学专业人员的自我认知和性格塑造可能是一项有益的策略。
