Guicciardi Marco, Fadda Daniela, Fanari Rachele, Doneddu Azzurra, Crisafulli Antonio
Department of Education, Psychology, Philosophy, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy.
Sports Physiology Laboratory, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy.
Front Psychol. 2020 Dec 23;11:611558. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.611558. eCollection 2020.
Previous research has documented that type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is associated with cognitive impairment. Psychological variables were repeatedly investigated to understand why T2DM patients are poorly active, despite standards of medical care recommends performing aerobic and resistance exercise regularly and reducing the amount of time spent sitting. This exploratory study aims to investigate how affective variables as thoughts, feelings, and individuals' stage of exercise adoption can modulate low cognitive performances during an experimental procedure based on exercise. The Exercise Thoughts Questionnaire (ETQ), Exercise-Induced Feeling Scale (EFI), and Physical Activity Stage of Change were administered to a sample of 12 T2DM patients. The Bivalent Shape Task (BST) alone (BST), BST with exercise [control exercise recovery (CER) + BST], and BST with metaboreflex [post-exercise muscle ischemia (PEMI) + BST] were used as mental task, and response time to congruent, incongruent, and neutral stimuli was recorded. Concomitant cerebral oxygenation (COX) was evaluated by near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS). As expected, T2DM patients performed significantly better when the stimulus was presented in congruent trials (followed by neutral and incongruent). In the CER + BST session, T2DM patients showed longer reaction time to incongruent trials than in the PEMI + BST and BST alone sessions. Positive feelings toward exercise seem to modulate cognitive performances in high challenging task only if T2DM patients were conscious to play exercise. These results could provide some insights for health intervention targeting exercise for patients with T2DM in order to enhance cognitive performances.
先前的研究已证明，2型糖尿病（T2DM）与认知障碍有关。人们反复研究心理变量，以了解为何尽管医疗护理标准建议2型糖尿病患者定期进行有氧运动和抗阻运动，并减少久坐时间，但他们的活动积极性仍很低。这项探索性研究旨在调查情感变量（如想法、感受以及个体的运动采用阶段）如何在基于运动的实验过程中调节较低的认知表现。对12名2型糖尿病患者的样本进行了运动思维问卷（ETQ）、运动诱发感觉量表（EFI）和身体活动变化阶段的评估。使用单独的二价形状任务（BST）、伴有运动的BST[对照运动恢复（CER）+BST]以及伴有代谢反射的BST[运动后肌肉缺血（PEMI）+BST]作为心理任务，并记录对一致、不一致和中性刺激的反应时间。通过近红外光谱（NIRS）评估伴随的脑氧合（COX）。正如预期的那样，当在一致试验中呈现刺激时（其次是中性和不一致试验），2型糖尿病患者的表现明显更好。在CER+BST环节中，2型糖尿病患者对不一致试验的反应时间比在PEMI+BST和单独的BST环节中更长。只有当2型糖尿病患者意识到自己在进行运动时，对运动的积极感受似乎才会在高挑战性任务中调节认知表现。这些结果可为针对2型糖尿病患者的运动健康干预提供一些见解，以提高认知表现。
