Yan Lijuan, Hui Nan, Simpanen Suvi, Tudeer Laura, Romantschuk Martin
School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Lahti, Finland.
Front Microbiol. 2020 Dec 23;11:593232. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.593232. eCollection 2020.
The brackish Baltic Sea is under diesel oil pollution risk due to heavy ship traffic. The situation is exasperated by densely distributed marinas and a vigorous although seasonal recreational boating. The seasonality and physical environmental variations hamper the monitoring of microbial communities in response to diesel oil spills. Hence, an 8-week simulation experiment was established in metal basins (containing 265 L sea water and 18 kg quartz sand or natural shore sand as the littoral sediment) to study the effect of accidental diesel oil spills on microbial communities. Our results demonstrated that microbial communities in the surface water responded to diesel oil contamination, whereas those in the littoral sediment did not, indicating that diesel oil degradation mainly happened in the water. Diesel oil decreased the abundance of bacteria and fungi, but increased bacterial diversity in the water. Time was the predominant driver of microbial succession, attributable to the adaption strategies of microbes. Bacteria were more sensitive to diesel oil contamination than fungi and archaea. Diesel oil increased relative abundances of bacterial phyla, Alphaproteobacteria, Betaproteobacteria, Gammaproteobacteria, Flavobacteriia and Cytophagia, and fungal phylum Ascomycota in the surface water. Overall, this study improves the understanding of the immediate ecological impact of accidental diesel oil contamination, providing insights into risk management at the coastal area.
由于船舶交通繁忙，微咸的波罗的海面临柴油污染风险。密集分布的码头以及活跃的季节性休闲划船活动加剧了这种情况。季节性和物理环境变化阻碍了对微生物群落对柴油泄漏的响应进行监测。因此，在金属盆（装有265升海水和18千克石英砂或天然海岸砂作为沿岸沉积物）中进行了为期8周的模拟实验，以研究意外柴油泄漏对微生物群落的影响。我们的结果表明，地表水的微生物群落对柴油污染有响应，而沿岸沉积物中的微生物群落则没有，这表明柴油降解主要发生在水中。柴油降低了细菌和真菌的丰度，但增加了水中细菌的多样性。时间是微生物演替的主要驱动因素，这归因于微生物的适应策略。细菌比真菌和古菌对柴油污染更敏感。柴油增加了地表水细菌门、α-变形菌纲、β-变形菌纲、γ-变形菌纲、黄杆菌纲和噬纤维菌纲以及真菌门子囊菌门的相对丰度。总体而言，本研究增进了对意外柴油污染的直接生态影响的理解，为沿海地区的风险管理提供了见解。
