Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China; email:
State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
Annu Rev Plant Biol. 2021 Jun 17;72:437-462. doi: 10.1146/annurev-arplant-080720-113241. Epub 2021 Jan 11.
Cotton is not only the world's most important natural fiber crop, but it is also an ideal system in which to study genome evolution, polyploidization, and cell elongation. With the assembly of five different cotton genomes, a cotton-specific whole-genome duplication with an allopolyploidization process that combined the A- and D-genomes became evident. All existing A-genomes seemed to originate from the A-genome as a common ancestor, and several transposable element bursts contributed to A-genome size expansion and speciation. The ethylene production pathway is shown to regulate fiber elongation. A tip-biased diffuse growth mode and several regulatory mechanisms, including plant hormones, transcription factors, and epigenetic modifications, are involved in fiber development. Finally, we describe the involvement of the gossypol biosynthetic pathway in the manipulation of herbivorous insects, the role of in gland formation, and host-induced gene silencing for pest and disease control. These new genes, modules, and pathways will accelerate the genetic improvement of cotton.
棉花不仅是世界上最重要的天然纤维作物，也是研究基因组进化、多倍体化和细胞伸长的理想系统。随着五个不同棉花基因组的组装，一个具有异源多倍体化过程的棉花特异性全基因组加倍变得明显，该过程结合了 A-和 D-基因组。所有现有的 A-基因组似乎都源自 A-基因组的一个共同祖先，几个转座元件爆发促成了 A-基因组的大小扩张和物种形成。乙烯产生途径被证明可以调节纤维伸长。尖端偏向的扩散生长模式和包括植物激素、转录因子和表观遗传修饰在内的几种调节机制参与了纤维发育。最后，我们描述了棉酚生物合成途径在操纵草食性昆虫中的作用、在腺体形成中的作用以及用于害虫和疾病控制的宿主诱导基因沉默。这些新的基因、模块和途径将加速棉花的遗传改良。
