Cone Jeremy, Flaharty Kathryn, Ferguson Melissa J
Department of Psychology, Williams College.
Department of Psychology, Yale University.
Psychol Sci. 2021 Feb;32(2):173-188. doi: 10.1177/0956797620963559. Epub 2021 Jan 11.
Implicit impressions are often assumed to be difficult to update in light of new information. Even when an intervention appears to successfully change implicit evaluations, the effects have been found to be fleeting, reverting to baseline just hours or days later. Recent findings, however, show that two properties of new evidence-diagnosticity and believability-can result in very rapid implicit updating. In the current studies, we assessed the long-term effects of evidence possessing these two properties on implicit updating over periods of days, weeks, and months. Three studies assessed the malleability of implicit evaluations after memory consolidation (Study 1; = 396) as well as the longer-term trajectories of implicit responses after exposure to new evidence about novel targets (Study 2; = 375) and familiar ones (Study 3; = 341). In contrast with recent work, our findings suggest that implicit impressions can exhibit both flexibility after consolidation and durability weeks or months later.
人们通常认为内隐印象很难根据新信息进行更新。即使一项干预措施似乎成功地改变了内隐评价，但研究发现这种效果是短暂的，仅在数小时或数天后就会恢复到基线水平。然而，最近的研究结果表明，新证据的两个特性——诊断性和可信度——能够导致非常快速的内隐更新。在当前的研究中，我们评估了具备这两个特性的证据在数天、数周和数月期间对内隐更新的长期影响。三项研究评估了记忆巩固后内隐评价的可塑性（研究1；N = 396），以及在接触到关于新目标（研究2；N = 375）和熟悉目标（研究3；N = 341）的新证据后内隐反应的长期轨迹。与最近的研究不同，我们的研究结果表明，内隐印象在巩固后既能表现出灵活性，又能在数周或数月后保持持久性。
