Aslam Khan Muhammad Umar, Haider Adnan, Abd Razak Saiful Izwan, Abdul Kadir Mohammed Rafiq, Haider Sajjad, Shah Saqlain A, Hasan Anwarul, Khan Rawaiz, Khan Salah-Ud Din, Shakir Imran
BioInspired Device and Tissue Engineering Research Group, School of Biomedical Engineering and Health Sciences, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia.
Department of Polymer Engineering and Technology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan.
J Tissue Eng Regen Med. 2021 Apr;15(4):322-335. doi: 10.1002/term.3168. Epub 2021 Mar 9.
The importance of bone scaffolds has increased many folds in the last few years; however, during bone implantation, bacterial infections compromise the implantation and tissue regeneration. This work is focused on this issue while not compromising on the properties of a scaffold for bone regeneration. Biocomposite scaffolds (BS) were fabricated via the freeze-drying technique. The samples were characterized for structural changes, surface morphology, porosity, and mechanical properties through spectroscopic (Fourier transform-infrared [FT-IR]), microscopic (scanning electron microscope [SEM]), X-ray (powder X-ray diffraction and energy-dispersive X-ray), and other analytical (Brunauer-Emmett-Teller, universal testing machine Instron) techniques. Antibacterial, cellular, and hemocompatibility assays were performed using standard protocols. FT-IR confirmed the interactions of all the components. SEM illustrated porous and interconnected porous morphology. The percentage porosity was in the range of 49.75%-67.28%, and the pore size was 215.65-470.87 µm. The pore size was perfect for cellular penetration. Thus, cells showed significant proliferation onto these scaffolds. X-ray studies confirmed the presence of nanohydroxyapatite and graphene oxide (GO). The cell viability was 85%-98% (BS1-BS3), which shows no significant toxicity of the biocomposite. Furthermore, the biocomposites exhibited better antibacterial activity, no effect on the blood clotting (normal in vitro blood clotting), and less than 5% hemolysis. The ultimate compression strength for the biocomposites increased from 4.05 to 7.94 with an increase in the GO content. These exciting results revealed that this material has the potential for possible application in bone tissue engineering.
在过去几年中，骨支架的重要性成倍增加；然而，在骨植入过程中，细菌感染会影响植入和组织再生。这项工作聚焦于这个问题，同时不损害骨再生支架的性能。通过冷冻干燥技术制备了生物复合支架（BS）。通过光谱（傅里叶变换红外[FT-IR]）、显微镜（扫描电子显微镜[SEM]）、X射线（粉末X射线衍射和能量色散X射线）以及其他分析（布鲁诺尔-埃米特-泰勒、万能材料试验机英斯特朗）技术对样品的结构变化、表面形态、孔隙率和力学性能进行了表征。使用标准方案进行了抗菌、细胞和血液相容性测定。FT-IR证实了所有成分之间的相互作用。SEM显示出多孔和相互连通的多孔形态。孔隙率百分比在49.75%-67.28%范围内，孔径为215.65-470.87μm。孔径非常适合细胞穿透。因此，细胞在这些支架上显示出显著的增殖。X射线研究证实了纳米羟基磷灰石和氧化石墨烯（GO）的存在。细胞活力为85%-98%（BS1-BS3），这表明生物复合材料没有明显的毒性。此外，生物复合材料表现出更好的抗菌活性，对血液凝固没有影响（体外血液凝固正常），溶血率低于5%。随着GO含量的增加，生物复合材料的极限抗压强度从4.05增加到7.94。这些令人兴奋的结果表明，这种材料在骨组织工程中具有潜在的应用可能性。
