Biological Engineering discipline, Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar, Palaj 382355, Gandhinagar, India.
Center for Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar, Palaj 382355, Gandhinagar, India.
ACS Chem Neurosci. 2021 Feb 3;12(3):363-377. doi: 10.1021/acschemneuro.0c00723. Epub 2021 Jan 12.
The broad area of neuroscience has witnessed an increasing exploitation of a variety of synthetic biomaterials with controlled nanosized features. Different bionanomaterials offer very peculiar physicochemical and biochemcial properties contributing to the development of novel imaging devices toward imaging the brain, or as smartly functionalized scaffolds, or diverse tools contributing toward a better understanding of nervous tissue and its functions. DNA nanotechnology-based devices and scaffolds have emerged as ideal materials for cellular and tissue engineering due to their very biocompatible properties, robust adaptation with diverse biological systems, and biosafety in terms of reduced immune response triggering. Here we present technologies with respect to DNA nanodevices that are designed to better interact with nervous systems like neural cells, advanced molecular imaging technologies for imaging brain, biomaterials in neural regeneration, neuroprotection, and targeted delivery of drugs and small molecules across the blood-brain barrier. Along with comments regarding the progress of DNA nanotechnology in neuroscience, we also present a perspective on challenges and opportunities for applying DNA nanotechnology in applications pertaining to neurosciences.
神经科学领域广泛利用各种具有纳米级可控特性的合成生物材料，不同的生物纳米材料具有非常独特的物理化学和生物化学性质，有助于开发新型成像设备，用于对大脑进行成像，或者作为智能功能化支架，或者作为有助于更好地理解神经组织及其功能的各种工具。基于 DNA 纳米技术的设备和支架因其具有非常生物相容性、与各种生物系统的强大适应性以及在降低免疫反应触发方面的生物安全性，已成为细胞和组织工程的理想材料。在这里，我们介绍了一些旨在更好地与神经系统（如神经细胞）相互作用的 DNA 纳米器件技术、用于大脑成像的先进分子成像技术、神经再生中的生物材料、神经保护以及药物和小分子跨越血脑屏障的靶向递药技术。在介绍 DNA 纳米技术在神经科学中取得的进展的同时，我们还对将 DNA 纳米技术应用于神经科学相关应用所面临的挑战和机遇进行了探讨。
