Jayaraman Aravinthkumar, Soni Jigar, Baladaniya Sanjay, Rajaraman Ravishankar, Patel Muddassar, Padmanaban Jeya
JP Research India Private Limited, Coimbatore, India.
JP Research Inc., California.
Traffic Inj Prev. 2020 Oct 12;21(sup1):S107-S111. doi: 10.1080/15389588.2020.1847280. Epub 2021 Jan 12.
This study aims to understand the nature, severity, and sources of injuries sustained by pedestrians involved in crashes with powered 2-wheelers (PTWs) in India. Further, it aims to understand the pedestrian injury pattern and injury mechanism based on the pedestrian contact location on the PTW. Eight years of field data from the Road Accident Sampling System-India (RASSI) database were considered for the study. Analyses were performed using both weighted and unweighted RASSI data. A sample of 57 crashes between pedestrians and PTWs was analyzed to determine the pedestrian injury characteristics, pedestrian orientation with PTW, and PTW contact zone (PCZ) or the pedestrian contact location on PTW. The PCZs were classified into 3 types. The risk of sustaining a Maximum Abbreviated Injury Scale (MAIS) injury to the head and pedestrian injury mechanism across the 3 PCZs was analyzed. The results of both weighted and unweighted RASSI data were consistent. About 67% of pedestrians who were killed sustained MAIS 3+ head injuries and 52% of pedestrians with nonfatal injuries sustained MAIS 2+ lower extremity injuries. The risk of MAIS 3+/fatal head injury is notably higher (86%) for pedestrians struck from behind compared to pedestrians struck from the side (36%). Of the 3 PCZs, about 80% of the pedestrians contacting PCZ-1 (corner of the PTW front end) sustained fatal head injuries and only 5% contacting PCZ-2 (center of the PTW front end) sustained fatal head injuries. About 40% contacting PCZ-3 (combination of PCZ-1 and PCZ-2) sustained fatal head injuries. Of all AIS 3+ head injuries, 88% were associated with ground impacts. Of all AIS 2+ lower extremity injuries, 96% were associated with impacts to PTW front-end parts. The results show that head injuries account for most pedestrian fatalities in crashes with PTWs and lower extremity injuries account for most nonfatal injuries. Head injuries are associated with ground contacts and lower extremity injuries are associated with contacting PTW front-end parts. Pedestrians contacting the corner of the PTW are highly prone to MAIS 3+ head injuries, whereas pedestrians contacting the center of the PTW are less prone to MAIS 3+ head injuries. This difference is predominantly because of the varied injury mechanisms seen across PCZs.
本研究旨在了解印度与电动两轮车（PTW）相撞的行人所受伤害的性质、严重程度和来源。此外，它旨在根据行人与PTW的接触位置来了解行人的损伤模式和损伤机制。本研究考虑了来自印度道路事故抽样系统（RASSI）数据库的八年实地数据。使用加权和未加权的RASSI数据进行分析。分析了57起行人和PTW之间碰撞的样本，以确定行人损伤特征、行人与PTW的方向以及PTW接触区（PCZ）或行人在PTW上的接触位置。PCZ分为3种类型。分析了在这3个PCZ中头部遭受最高简略损伤量表（MAIS）损伤的风险和行人损伤机制。加权和未加权RASSI数据的结果是一致的。约67%的死亡行人头部遭受MAIS 3+损伤，52%的非致命伤行人下肢遭受MAIS 2+损伤。与从侧面被撞的行人（36%）相比，从后面被撞的行人MAIS 3+/致命头部损伤的风险显著更高（86%）。在3个PCZ中，约80%接触PCZ-1（PTW前端角落）的行人遭受致命头部损伤，只有5%接触PCZ-2（PTW前端中心）的行人遭受致命头部损伤。约40%接触PCZ-3（PCZ-1和PCZ-2的组合）的行人遭受致命头部损伤。在所有AIS 3+头部损伤中，88%与地面撞击有关。在所有AIS 2+下肢损伤中，96%与PTW前端部件的撞击有关。结果表明，在与PTW的碰撞中，头部损伤占行人死亡的大多数，下肢损伤占大多数非致命伤。头部损伤与地面接触有关，下肢损伤与接触PTW前端部件有关。接触PTW角落的行人极易遭受MAIS 3+头部损伤，而接触PTW中心的行人则不太容易遭受MAIS 3+头部损伤。这种差异主要是由于在不同PCZ中看到的损伤机制不同。
