Centre for Sport Studies, King Juan Carlos University, Madrid, Spain.
Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Isabel I , Burgos, Spain.
Sports Med. 2021 Mar;51(3):423-442. doi: 10.1007/s40279-020-01401-w. Epub 2021 Jan 12.
Football is the most popular sport among women; however, little is known about the injury profile in this population. This information would help design tailored injury risk mitigation strategies that may make football safer for women.
The aim of this study was to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis of epidemiological data of injuries in women´s football.
A systematic review following PRISMA guidelines was performed up to January 2020 in PubMed, Web of Science, Sportdiscus and the Cochrane Library databases. Twenty-two studies reporting the incidence of injuries in women football were analysed. Two reviewers independently extracted data (intraclass correlation coefficient [ICC] for inter-reviewer reliability = 0.87) and assessed study quality using the STROBE statement, GRADE approach, Newcastle Ottawa Scale and Downs and Black assessment tools. Studies were combined in pooled analyses (injury incidence and injury proportion) using a Poisson random effects regression model.
The overall incidence of injuries in female football players was 6.1 injuries/1000 h of exposure. Match injury incidence (19.2 injuries/1000 h of exposure) was almost six times higher than training injury incidence rate (3.5 injuries/1000 h of exposure). Lower extremity injuries had the highest incidence rates (4.8 injuries/1000 h of exposure). The most common types of injuries were muscle/tendon (1.8 injuries/1000 h of exposure) and joint (non-bone) and ligament (1.5 injuries/1000 h of exposure), which were frequently associated with traumatic incidents. Slight/minimal injuries (1-3 days of time loss) were the most common. The incidence rate of injuries during matches in the top five world ranking leagues was higher than the rest of the leagues (19.3 vs 10.7 injuries/1000 h of exposure, respectively). The weighted injury proportion was 1.1 (95% confidence interval = 0.6-1.7) whereby on average players sustained more than one injury per season.
Female football players are exposed to a substantial risk of sustaining injuries, especially during matches that require the highest level of performance. To markedly reduce overall injury burden, efforts should focus on introducing and evaluating preventative measures that target match specific dynamics to make football players more capable of responding to the challenges that they have to deal with during match play.
This systematic review was registered in the PROSPERO international prospective register of systematic reviews (ID = CRD42019118152).
足球是女性最喜爱的运动，但对于该人群的损伤情况知之甚少。这些信息有助于设计有针对性的损伤风险缓解策略，从而使女性踢足球更安全。
本研究旨在对女子足球损伤的流行病学数据进行系统评价和荟萃分析。
根据 PRISMA 指南，我们对截至 2020 年 1 月的 PubMed、Web of Science、Sportdiscus 和 Cochrane Library 数据库进行了系统评价。分析了 22 项报告女子足球损伤发生率的研究。两名审查员独立提取数据（组内相关系数[ICC]为 0.87，用于评估审查员间的可靠性），并使用 STROBE 声明、GRADE 方法、纽卡斯尔-渥太华量表和 Downs 和 Black 评估工具评估研究质量。使用泊松随机效应回归模型对研究进行汇总分析（损伤发生率和损伤比例）。
女性足球运动员的总体损伤发生率为 6.1 例/1000 小时。比赛损伤发生率（19.2 例/1000 小时）几乎是训练损伤发生率（3.5 例/1000 小时）的 6 倍。下肢损伤发生率最高（4.8 例/1000 小时）。最常见的损伤类型是肌肉/肌腱（1.8 例/1000 小时）和关节（非骨）和韧带（1.5 例/1000 小时），这些损伤常与创伤性事件有关。轻微/轻度损伤（1-3 天失能）最为常见。前 5 名世界排名联赛的比赛中损伤发生率高于其他联赛（分别为 19.3 例/1000 小时和 10.7 例/1000 小时）。加权损伤比例为 1.1（95%置信区间=0.6-1.7），即平均每个赛季运动员都要遭受不止一次损伤。
女性足球运动员面临着较高的受伤风险，尤其是在需要最高运动表现的比赛中。为了显著降低整体损伤负担，应努力引入和评估针对比赛特定动态的预防措施，以使足球运动员更有能力应对比赛中必须应对的挑战。
本系统评价已在 PROSPERO 国际前瞻性系统评价注册库（ID=CRD42019118152）中注册。
