Departamento de Ingeniería de Alimentos, Universidad del Bío-Bío, Chillán, Chile.
LAQV/REQUIMTE, Laboratório de Bromatologia e Hidrologia, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.
Adv Nutr. 2021 Jun 1;12(3):670-681. doi: 10.1093/advances/nmaa171.
The importance of balanced dietary habits, which include appropriate amounts of antioxidants to maintain the immune system, has become increasingly relevant during the current SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19 pandemic, because viral infections are characterized by high oxidative stress. Furthermore, the measures taken by governments to control the pandemic have led to increased anxiety, stress, and depression, which affect physical and mental health, all of which are influenced by nutritional status, diet, and lifestyle. The Mediterranean diet (MD), Atlantic diet (AD), and the Dietary Guidelines for Americans all provide the essential vitamins, minerals, and phenolic compounds needed to activate enzymatic and nonenzymatic antioxidant responses. However, viral pandemics such as the current COVID-19 crisis entail high oxidative damage caused by both the infection and the resultant social stresses within populations, which increases the probability and severity of infection. Balanced dietary patterns such as the MD and the AD are characterized by the consumption of fruit, vegetables, legumes, olive oil, and whole grains with low intakes of processed foods and red meat. For a healthy lifestyle in young adults, the MD in particular provides the required amount of antioxidants per day for vitamins D (0.3-3.8 μg), E (17.0 mg), C (137.2-269.8 mg), A (1273.3 μg), B-12 (1.5-2.0 μg), and folate (455.1-561.3 μg), the minerals Se (120.0 μg), Zn (11.0 mg), Fe (15.0-18.8 mg), and Mn (5.2-12.5 mg), and polyphenols (1171.00 mg) needed to maintain an active immune response. However, all of these diets are deficient in the recommended amount of vitamin D (20 μg/d). Therefore, vulnerable populations such as elders and obese individuals could benefit from antioxidant supplementation to improve their antioxidant response. Although evidence remains scarce, there is some indication that a healthy diet, along with supplemental antioxidant intake, is beneficial to COVID-19 patients.
在当前 SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19 大流行期间，平衡饮食的重要性变得越来越重要，因为这种饮食包括适量的抗氧化剂以维持免疫系统，而病毒感染的特点是氧化应激水平高。此外，政府为控制大流行而采取的措施导致焦虑、压力和抑郁增加，这些因素会影响身心健康，而所有这些都受到营养状况、饮食和生活方式的影响。地中海饮食 (MD)、大西洋饮食 (AD) 和美国膳食指南都提供了激活酶和非酶抗氧化反应所需的必需维生素、矿物质和酚类化合物。然而，像当前 COVID-19 危机这样的病毒大流行会导致由感染和人群中由此产生的社会压力引起的高氧化损伤，从而增加感染的可能性和严重程度。像 MD 和 AD 这样的均衡饮食模式的特点是食用水果、蔬菜、豆类、橄榄油和全谷物，同时减少加工食品和红肉的摄入量。对于年轻人的健康生活方式，特别是 MD 提供了每天所需的抗氧化剂量，以满足维生素 D（0.3-3.8μg）、E（17.0mg）、C（137.2-269.8mg）、A（1273.3μg）、B-12（1.5-2.0μg）和叶酸（455.1-561.3μg）、矿物质硒（120.0μg）、锌（11.0mg）、铁（15.0-18.8mg）和锰（5.2-12.5mg）以及多酚（1171.00mg）的需求，以维持活跃的免疫反应。然而，所有这些饮食都缺乏推荐量的维生素 D（20μg/d）。因此，像老年人和肥胖者这样的脆弱人群可能受益于抗氧化剂补充，以改善他们的抗氧化反应。尽管证据仍然很少，但有一些迹象表明，健康饮食加上补充抗氧化剂的摄入对 COVID-19 患者有益。
