Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, Clinical Neuropsychology, Neuropsychological Therapy Centre, Faculty of Psychology, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätsstr.150, 44780 Bochum, Germany.
Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, Clinical Neuropsychology, Neuropsychological Therapy Centre, Faculty of Psychology, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätsstr.150, 44780 Bochum, Germany.
Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2021 Mar;122:143-164. doi: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2020.12.022. Epub 2021 Jan 10.
Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is defined as an intermediate state between normal cognitive aging and dementia. It describes a status of the subjective impression of cognitive decline and objectively detectible memory impairment beyond normal age-related changes. Activities of daily living are not affected. As the population ages, there is a growing need for early, proactive programs that can delay the consequences of dementia and improve the well-being of people with MCI and their caregivers. Various forms and approaches of intervention for older people with MCI have been suggested to delay cognitive decline. Pharmacological as well as non-pharmacological approaches (cognitive, physiological, nutritional supplementation, electric stimulation, psychosocial therapeutic) and multicomponent interventions have been proposed. Interventional approaches in MCI from 2009 to April 2019 concerning the cognitive performance are presented in this review.
轻度认知障碍（MCI）被定义为正常认知老化和痴呆之间的中间状态。它描述了一种主观认知下降的状态，以及客观检测到的记忆障碍超出了正常的年龄相关变化。日常生活活动不受影响。随着人口老龄化，人们越来越需要早期的、积极主动的计划，以延缓痴呆的后果，改善 MCI 患者及其护理人员的幸福感。已经提出了各种形式和方法来干预老年人的 MCI，以延缓认知能力下降。已经提出了药物和非药物方法（认知、生理、营养补充、电刺激、心理社会治疗）以及多组分干预措施。本文回顾了 2009 年至 2019 年 4 月间关于认知表现的 MCI 干预措施。
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