Protos, Antananarivo, Madagascar.
Join For Water (Protos), Ghent, Belgium.
J Environ Manage. 2021 Mar 1;281:111808. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.111808. Epub 2021 Jan 10.
In Toamasina, the second largest city in Madagascar with 326,286 inhabitants and located at sea level, 97% of households uses latrines. The city produces 14,100 m³ faecal sludge per year and 28,000 latrines need to be emptied annually. Most latrines are emptied manually and sludge used to be buried in the compound, thus contaminating sub surface water that is used for domestic purposes by 60% of the population. This article shows how through an action-research process coordinated by Join For Water emptying, transport and treatment services were improved, these services remain accessible to the lowest social class, and a profitable private service provider, Clean Impact, was created. It further describes the construction of a treatment plant consisting of planted humification beds, and the process towards a sustainable exploitation, today managed by Clean Impact.
在马达加斯加第二大城市图阿马西纳，97%的家庭使用厕所，这里有 326286 名居民，位于海平面。该城市每年产生 14100 立方米粪便污泥，每年需要清空 28000 个厕所。大多数厕所都是人工清空的，污泥过去常被埋在院子里，从而污染了 60%的人口用于家庭用途的地下水。本文介绍了通过一个由 Join For Water 协调的行动研究过程，如何改进清空、运输和处理服务，这些服务仍然可以为社会最底层的人群提供，并且创建了一个盈利的私营服务提供商 Clean Impact。它进一步描述了一个处理厂的建设，包括种植腐殖化床，以及朝着可持续利用的方向发展，今天由 Clean Impact 管理。
