Institute of Sciences of Food Productions, National Research Council of Italy, via Monteroni 7, 73100 Lecce, Italy.
Institute for the Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology, National Research Council of Italy, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy.
Cells. 2021 Jan 11;10(1):128. doi: 10.3390/cells10010128.
Mono(ADP-ribose) transferases and mono(ADP-ribosyl)ating sirtuins use NAD to perform the mono(ADP-ribosyl)ation, a simple form of post-translational modification of proteins and, in some cases, of nucleic acids. The availability of NAD is a limiting step and an essential requisite for NAD consuming enzymes. The synthesis and degradation of NAD, as well as the transport of its key intermediates among cell compartments, play a vital role in the maintenance of optimal NAD levels, which are essential for the regulation of NAD-utilizing enzymes. In this review, we provide an overview of the current knowledge of NAD metabolism, highlighting the functional liaison with mono(ADP-ribosyl)ating enzymes, such as the well-known ARTD10 (also named PARP10), SIRT6, and SIRT7. To this aim, we discuss the link of these enzymes with NAD metabolism and chronic diseases, such as cancer, degenerative disorders and aging.
单（ADP-核糖）转移酶和单（ADP-核糖基）化的沉默调节蛋白使用 NAD 进行单（ADP-核糖基）化，这是蛋白质的一种简单的翻译后修饰形式，在某些情况下，也是核酸的一种简单的翻译后修饰形式。NAD 的可用性是一个限制步骤，也是 NAD 消耗酶的必要条件。NAD 的合成和降解，以及其关键中间产物在细胞区室之间的运输，在维持最佳 NAD 水平方面发挥着至关重要的作用，这对于 NAD 利用酶的调节至关重要。在这篇综述中，我们概述了 NAD 代谢的现有知识，强调了其与单（ADP-核糖基）化酶的功能联系，如众所周知的 ARTD10（也称为 PARP10）、SIRT6 和 SIRT7。为此，我们讨论了这些酶与 NAD 代谢和癌症、退行性疾病和衰老等慢性疾病的联系。
