Baral Stefan, Rao Amrita, Twahirwa Rwema Jean Olivier, Lyons Carrie, Cevik Muge, Kågesten Anna E, Diouf Daouda, Sohn Annette H, Phaswana-Mafuya Nancy, Kamarulzaman Adeeba, Millett Gregorio, Marcus Julia L, Mishra Sharmistha
Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD.
Division of Infection and Global Health Research, School of Medicine, University of St. Andrews, Scotland.
medRxiv. 2021 Dec 15:2021.01.07.21249419. doi: 10.1101/2021.01.07.21249419.
COVID-19 has rapidly emerged as a global public health threat with infections recorded in nearly every country. Responses to COVID-19 have varied in intensity and breadth, but generally have included domestic and international travel limitations, closure of non-essential businesses, and repurposing of health services. While these interventions have focused on testing, treatment, and mitigation of COVID-19, there have been reports of interruptions to diagnostic, prevention, and treatment services for other public health threats.
We conducted a scoping review to characterize the early impact of COVID-19 on HIV, tuberculosis, malaria, sexual and reproductive health, and malnutrition.
A scoping literature review was completed using searches of PubMed and preprint servers (medRxiv/bioRxiv) from January 1st to October 31st, 2020, using Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) terms related to SARS-CoV-2 or COVID-19 and HIV, tuberculosis, malaria, sexual and reproductive health, and malnutrition. Empiric studies reporting original data collection or mathematical models were included, and available data synthesized by region. Studies were excluded if they were not written in English.
A total of 1604 published papers and 205 preprints met inclusion criteria, including 8.2% (132/1604) of published studies and 10.2% (21/205) of preprints: 7.3% (68/931) on HIV, 7.1% (24/339) on tuberculosis, 11.6% (26/224) on malaria, 7.8% (13/166) on sexual and reproductive health, and 9.8% (13/132) on malnutrition. Thematic results were similar across competing health risks, with substantial indirect effects of the COVID-19 pandemic and response on diagnostic, prevention, and treatment services for HIV, tuberculosis, malaria, sexual and reproductive health, and malnutrition.
COVID-19 emerged in the context of existing public health threats that result in millions of deaths every year. Thus, effectively responding to COVID-19 while minimizing the negative impacts of COVID-19 necessitates innovation and integration of existing programs that are often siloed across health systems. Inequities have been a consistent driver of existing health threats; COVID-19 has worsened disparities, reinforcing the need for programs that address structural risks. The data reviewed here suggest that effective strengthening of health systems should include investment and planning focused on ensuring the continuity of care for both rapidly emergent and existing public health threats.
新冠病毒病已迅速成为全球公共卫生威胁，几乎每个国家都有感染病例记录。各国对新冠病毒病的应对措施在强度和广度上各不相同，但总体上包括国内外旅行限制、关闭非必要业务以及调整卫生服务用途。虽然这些干预措施侧重于新冠病毒病的检测、治疗和缓解，但有报告称，其他公共卫生威胁的诊断、预防和治疗服务受到了干扰。
我们进行了一项范围综述，以描述新冠病毒病对艾滋病毒、结核病、疟疾、性与生殖健康以及营养不良的早期影响。
通过检索2020年1月1日至10月31日期间的PubMed和预印本服务器（medRxiv/bioRxiv）完成范围文献综述，使用与严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2或新冠病毒病以及艾滋病毒、结核病、疟疾、性与生殖健康和营养不良相关的医学主题词（MeSH）。纳入报告原始数据收集或数学模型的实证研究，并按地区综合现有数据。如果研究不是用英文撰写的，则将其排除。
共有1604篇已发表论文和 205篇预印本符合纳入标准，其中已发表研究的8.2%（132/1604）和预印本的10.2%（21/205）：关于艾滋病毒的占7.3%（68/931），关于结核病的占7.1%（24/339），关于疟疾的占11.6%（26/224），关于性与生殖健康的占7.8%（13/166），关于营养不良的占9.8%（13/132）。在相互竞争的健康风险中，主题结果相似，新冠病毒病大流行及应对措施对艾滋病毒、结核病、疟疾、性与生殖健康以及营养不良的诊断、预防和治疗服务产生了重大间接影响。
新冠病毒病是在每年导致数百万人死亡的现有公共卫生威胁背景下出现的。因此，在有效应对新冠病毒病的同时尽量减少其负面影响，需要创新和整合卫生系统中往往相互孤立的现有项目。不平等一直是现有健康威胁的一个持续驱动因素；新冠病毒病加剧了差距，强化了对解决结构性风险项目的需求。此处审查的数据表明，有效加强卫生系统应包括投资和规划，重点是确保对迅速出现的和现有的公共卫生威胁都能持续提供护理。
