Child Study Center, Yale University School of Medicine, 230 S. Frontage Road, New Haven, CT, 06520, US.
Res Child Adolesc Psychopathol. 2021 Jan;49(1):125-137. doi: 10.1007/s10802-020-00731-7. Epub 2020 Nov 24.
Although parents' socialization of children's emotional experiences and expression has been widely studied in typically developing (TD) populations, these processes have been largely unexplored in families of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The present study examined parent emotion socialization in a well-characterized sample of verbally fluent children with ASD and comorbid anxiety disorders. Participants included 64 children, aged 8-15 years, who had ASD and co-occurring anxiety and 24 matched TD children without psychiatric disorders. Parents completed ratings of their responses to their children's emotional experiences using the Coping with Children's Negative Emotions Scale (CCNES), and both parents and children completed ratings of child anxiety using the Multidimensional Anxiety Rating Scale (MASC). Parents of children with ASD and anxiety did not differ from parents of TD children without psychiatric disorders in their endorsement of different emotion socialization practices. However, among children with ASD and anxiety, greater anxiety was associated with more emotion-focused responses from parents, and for children with less ASD symptom severity, lower levels of anxiety were associated with more punitive responses from parents. Results suggest that certain types of more directive emotion socialization approaches may be associated with lower anxiety in children with ASD, whereas emotion socialization approaches focused on altering the child's emotional experiences may be associated with greater anxiety in this population. While it is likely that parent emotion socialization practices impact children's emotional experiences of anxiety, it is also likely that children with distinct profiles of anxiety and ASD symptomology elicit specific styles of emotion socialization from parents.
尽管父母对孩子情绪体验和表达的社会化在典型发展（TD）人群中得到了广泛研究，但这些过程在自闭症谱系障碍（ASD）儿童的家庭中基本上没有被探索过。本研究在一个具有明确特征的、语言流利的 ASD 伴有焦虑障碍儿童样本中，考察了父母的情绪社会化。参与者包括 64 名 8-15 岁的儿童，他们患有 ASD 和共病焦虑症，以及 24 名匹配的没有精神疾病的 TD 儿童。父母使用儿童负面情绪应对量表（CCNES）对他们对孩子情绪体验的反应进行评分，父母和孩子都使用多维焦虑量表（MASC）对孩子的焦虑进行评分。患有 ASD 和焦虑症的儿童的父母与没有精神疾病的 TD 儿童的父母在他们对不同情绪社会化实践的认可上没有差异。然而，在患有 ASD 和焦虑症的儿童中，更高的焦虑与父母更多的情绪聚焦反应有关，而对于 ASD 症状严重程度较低的儿童，父母更严厉的反应与较低的焦虑水平有关。研究结果表明，某些类型的更直接的情绪社会化方法可能与 ASD 儿童的低焦虑有关，而专注于改变孩子情绪体验的情绪社会化方法可能与该人群的更高焦虑有关。虽然父母的情绪社会化实践可能会影响孩子对焦虑的情绪体验，但具有不同焦虑和 ASD 症状特征的孩子也可能会引起父母特定的情绪社会化方式。
